Deinde ova in sartāgine coquuntur, et māter patellam calidam ē focō tollit.

Coquuntur is the present passive form of coquō. It means are cooked or are being cooked.

Latin often uses a passive verb where English might say something like the eggs are cooking. In this sentence, ova is the grammatical subject, so Latin presents the eggs as the things being cooked.

Coquuntur is:

• 3rd person plural
• present tense
• indicative mood
• passive voice

It is plural because its subject, ova, is plural.

Ova is nominative plural neuter, because it is the subject of coquuntur.

A beginner may notice that ova could also be accusative plural, since neuter nouns have the same form for nominative and accusative plural. Here, the verb tells you its role: because coquuntur is passive, ova is the subject, so nominative makes sense.

With in, Latin uses:

• ablative for location: in, on
• accusative for motion into: into, onto

So in sartāgine means in the frying pan or in the pan, describing where the eggs are being cooked. If there were movement into the pan, you would expect accusative instead.

Sartāgine is ablative singular of sartāgo, sartāginis, a feminine third-declension noun.

It appears in the ablative because it follows in in the sense of location.

Māter is a nominative singular noun, so it can be the subject of tollit.

Not all Latin subjects have first- or second-declension endings like -a or -us. Māter is a third-declension noun, and its nominative singular form is simply māter.

Because calidam describes patellam, the adjective must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

So both are feminine singular accusative.

• patellam = the direct object
• calidam = hot, agreeing with patellam

Ē means out of or from, and it takes the ablative case. So focō is ablative singular.

This phrase shows movement away from a place: the mother takes the dish from the stove/hearth.

Tollit is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• indicative mood
• active voice

Its subject is māter, which is singular, so the verb is singular too.

Latin word order is much freer than English word order because the endings show how the words function.

So Latin can say:

• Deinde first, to emphasize sequence
• the verb coquuntur after the phrase in sartāgine
• ē focō before tollit

Even though the order is different, the endings make the grammar clear:

• ova = subject of coquuntur
• māter = subject of tollit
• patellam calidam = object of tollit
• ē focō = phrase showing where something is taken from

Yes. The macrons mark long vowels:

• sartāgine
• māter
• ē
• focō

They are very helpful for pronunciation and sometimes for distinguishing forms, although many ordinary Latin texts leave them out. For learning, they are useful and worth paying attention to.