Pater rogat quo tempore patruus et amita ad villam veniant.

Because quo tempore patruus et amita ad villam veniant is an indirect question after rogat.

In Latin, indirect questions normally use:

• an interrogative word such as quis, quid, ubi, quando, quo, etc.
• a subjunctive verb

So:

• direct question: Quo tempore veniunt? = At what time are they coming?
• indirect question: Pater rogat quo tempore ... veniant. = Father asks at what time ... they are coming.

That is why veniant is correct.

Quo tempore means at what time or when.

Literally:

• quo = by/at which
• tempore = time

Together they form an idiomatic expression meaning when / at what time.

Latin could also use quando in some contexts, but quo tempore is a perfectly normal and slightly more explicit way to say when. A learner should understand it as at what time.

Tempore is ablative singular of tempus, temporis.

It appears in the phrase quo tempore, where the ablative expresses time at which. The whole expression means at what time.

So the grammar is:

• quo = ablative singular agreeing with tempore
• tempore = ablative singular

This is one of the common uses of the ablative in Latin.

Because it goes with tempore, which is ablative.

In quo tempore:

• quo is the interrogative adjective qui, quae, quod
• it agrees with tempore in case, number, and gender
• since tempore is ablative singular neuter, quo is also ablative singular neuter

So quo tempore literally means in/at which time.

Because this is an indirect question, not a purpose clause or a command clause.

Latin uses:

• ut
  • subjunctive for things like purpose or indirect commands
• an interrogative word
  • subjunctive for indirect questions

Here the sentence contains the interrogative expression quo tempore, so Latin does not add ut.

Compare:

• Pater rogat ut veniant. = Father asks them to come.
  (indirect command)
• Pater rogat quo tempore veniant. = Father asks at what time they are coming.
  (indirect question)

Because they are the subject of veniant.

The father is the subject of rogat:

• Pater rogat = Father asks

But inside the indirect question, the people doing the coming are:

• patruus et amita = the uncle and the aunt

So:

• pater = subject of rogat
• patruus et amita = subject of veniant

That is why patruus and amita are nominative.

Because veniant does not go with pater. It goes with patruus et amita, which is a compound subject and therefore plural.

So the structure is:

• Pater rogat = singular verb with singular subject
• patruus et amita ... veniant = plural verb with two subjects

A natural way to see it is:

• Father asks
• when uncle and aunt are coming

Villam is accusative singular of villa.

It is accusative because it follows the preposition ad, which takes the accusative when it means to or toward.

So:

• ad villam = to the villa / to the house

This shows motion toward a place.

Because ad is a very common preposition for movement toward a place.

So:

• ad villam venire = to come to the villa

English often uses just to, but Latin usually needs a preposition here unless the destination is a city, small island, or certain special place-word patterns.

No. Classical Latin has no definite article like English the, and no indefinite article like a/an.

So:

• patruus can mean uncle or the uncle
• amita can mean aunt or the aunt
• villam can mean a villa or the villa

The context tells you which English article makes sense.

Latin often distinguishes family relationships more precisely than English.

• patruus = the father’s brother
• avunculus = the mother’s brother

So patruus is not just any uncle; it is specifically a paternal uncle.

Likewise:

• amita usually means the father’s sister
• matertera means the mother’s sister

English usually just says uncle and aunt, but Latin can be more exact.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order, because Latin endings show the grammatical relationships clearly.

Placing veniant at the end is very normal Latin style. In fact, verbs often come at or near the end of a clause.

So although English strongly prefers:

• Father asks when the uncle and aunt are coming

Latin can naturally say:

• Pater rogat quo tempore patruus et amita ad villam veniant.

The ending of veniant tells you it is the verb of the subordinate clause, even though it comes last.

It is an indirect question.

A direct question would be something like:

• Quo tempore patruus et amita ad villam veniunt?
  = At what time are the uncle and aunt coming to the villa?

But in your sentence, that question is reported after pater rogat:

• Pater rogat quo tempore patruus et amita ad villam veniant.

So the sentence is not asking the reader directly. It is telling us that Father asks that question.