Postquam in apodyterio vestimenta receperunt, omnes domum redierunt et cenam simplicem laudaverunt.

Postquam means after and introduces a time clause:

Postquam in apodyterio vestimenta receperunt = After they recovered/collected their clothes in the changing room

So everything after the comma happened after that first action.

Receperunt is the 3rd person plural perfect active of recipere.

• receperunt = they received / they got back / they collected
• The perfect tense here shows a completed action

After postquam, Latin very often uses the perfect to mark an action as completed before the next one. English often does something similar with after they had collected... or simply after they collected...

It comes from recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum.

This verb can mean several things depending on context, including:

• receive
• take back
• recover
• collect

Here, with vestimenta (clothes), it means something like they got back their clothes or they collected their clothes.

Apodyterio is ablative singular, because it follows in in the sense of location:

• in + ablative = in / on / at
• in + accusative = into / onto

So:

• in apodyterio = in the changing room
• not motion into it, but location inside it

Apodyterium is a neuter noun meaning changing room or dressing room, especially in the context of Roman baths.

It is a Greek loanword used in Latin. A learner may notice that it is not one of the most common everyday Latin nouns, but it is very common in bathhouse contexts.

Vestimenta is accusative plural neuter.

It is the direct object of receperunt:

• receperunt what?
• vestimenta = their clothes / garments

The basic dictionary form is vestimentum, a neuter noun. Its nominative and accusative plural are both vestimenta.

Omnes is the nominative plural form of omnis and literally means all.

In this sentence it is being used substantively, meaning the noun is understood rather than stated:

• omnes = all (the people) = everyone

Because it refers to people, English naturally translates it as everyone or all of them.

Domum is a special accusative form meaning homeward / to home.

With domus (home, house), Latin often does not use a preposition for motion toward home:

• domum = home
• domi = at home
• domo = from home

So domum redierunt means they returned home.

Yes. Redierunt comes from redeo, redire, redii/redivi, reditum, meaning return or go back.

It is built from:

• re- = back
• eo, ire = to go

So redierunt means they returned or they went back.

This verb is related to the irregular verb eo, so its forms can look a little unusual compared with regular 4th-conjugation verbs.

Because cenam simplicem is the direct object of laudaverunt.

• cenam = accusative singular of cena (dinner, meal)
• simplicem = accusative singular of simplex (simple)

The adjective must agree with the noun it describes in:

• gender
• number
• case

So both are feminine singular accusative.

Laudaverunt is the perfect tense of laudare, meaning to praise.

So literally it does mean they praised the simple dinner.

Depending on context, English might also express the idea more naturally as:

• they praised the simple meal
• they spoke well of the simple dinner
• they appreciated the simple dinner

But the core meaning is definitely praised.

The perfect tense here tells the story as a series of completed actions:

1. they collected their clothes
2. they returned home
3. they praised the meal

This is a very common narrative use of the Latin perfect. English often uses the simple past in the same way:

• they collected
• they returned
• they praised

So the Latin is presenting the events as a completed sequence.

The basic meaning does not depend heavily on the word order, because the endings show the grammatical roles.

Still, the order is natural and helpful:

• Postquam... receperunt gives the background action first
• omnes emphasizes everyone
• domum redierunt keeps home close to returned
• cenam simplicem keeps the noun and adjective together

A more literal word-by-word order in English would be awkward, but in Latin this arrangement is perfectly normal.