Pater dicit veram nobilitatem non ex divitiis, sed ex virtute nasci.

Because Latin is using an indirect statement after dicit.

With verbs like say, think, know, hear, Latin often uses:

• accusative for the subject of the reported statement
• infinitive for the verb of the reported statement

So:

• Pater dicit = The father says
• veram nobilitatem ... nasci = that true nobility is born / arises ...

In a direct statement, you would expect vera nobilitas. But inside indirect statement, it becomes veram nobilitatem.

For the same reason: this is indirect statement.

After dicit, Latin does not usually say the equivalent of that true nobility is born... with a separate clause introduced by that. Instead, it uses the accusative + infinitive pattern:

• veram nobilitatem ... nasci

So nasci is not the main verb of the whole sentence. The main verb is dicit.
The infinitive nasci gives the content of what the father says.

Nasci is the present infinitive of nascor, nasci, natus sum, meaning to be born, to arise, or to come into being.

This verb is deponent, which means:

• it looks passive in form
• but it has an active meaning

So although nasci might look passive to a beginner, here it means something active in sense:
to arise / to be born.

In this sentence, nasci is slightly figurative. True nobility is not literally being physically born; it is arising from or coming from virtue.

Because ex means out of, from, or from the source of, and it takes the ablative case.

So:

• ex divitiis = from riches / from wealth
• ex virtute = from virtue

The idea is one of origin or source: true nobility comes not from wealth, but from virtue.

Both are ablative, because they follow ex.

• divitiis = ablative plural of divitiae
• virtute = ablative singular of virtus

Latin uses the ablative after prepositions like ex.

Because the nouns themselves behave differently.

divitiae

This word means riches or wealth, and in Latin it is normally used in the plural. So even if English says wealth in the singular, Latin often says divitiae.

virtus

This is a regular singular abstract noun meaning virtue, moral excellence, character, or worth. So here the ablative singular is virtute.

So the difference is not caused by the sentence pattern; it comes from the normal way these nouns are used in Latin.

Veram is an adjective meaning true or real, and it agrees with nobilitatem.

Both are:

• feminine
• singular
• accusative

So:

• veram nobilitatem = true nobility

The adjective is included to sharpen the point: the speaker is not talking about apparent social status, but genuine nobility.

Not necessarily only that.

Nobilitas can refer to nobility, but in moral or philosophical contexts it often means something like:

• true nobility
• high character
• genuine worth
• real distinction

Since the sentence contrasts wealth with virtue, the point is moral: real nobility comes from character, not money or social status.

This is a very common Latin contrast pattern:

• non = not
• sed = but

So:

• non ex divitiis, sed ex virtute
  = not from riches, but from virtue

It sets up a direct correction or contrast: the true source is virtue, not wealth.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings show how the words function.

A more English-like order might be:

• Pater dicit veram nobilitatem nasci non ex divitiis sed ex virtute.

But Latin can place words for emphasis. In the given sentence, the order highlights the contrast:

• veram nobilitatem
• non ex divitiis, sed ex virtute
• nasci

Putting non ex divitiis, sed ex virtute before nasci helps emphasize the opposition between the two sources.

Yes.

Pater is nominative singular and is the subject of the main verb dicit:

• Pater dicit = The father says

Then everything after that gives what he says.

So the sentence has:

• main clause: Pater dicit
• indirect statement: veram nobilitatem non ex divitiis, sed ex virtute nasci

Normally, ex is the better choice here.

• ex often means out of, from, arising from
• a/ab often means from in the sense of away from a person, place, or agent

Since the idea is source/origin, ex is very natural:

• ex divitiis
• ex virtute

It suggests that nobility springs from virtue rather than from wealth.

It is the present infinitive.

In indirect statement, the tense of the infinitive is often relative to the main verb rather than exactly the same as an English tense label. Here the present infinitive generally shows action that is simultaneous with the main verb:

• Pater dicit ... nasci
  = The father says that true nobility arises / is born ...

So the meaning is a general present truth.

Yes, in idiomatic English that can work very well.

Literally, nasci means to be born or to arise, but in this sentence the idea is that true nobility has its origin in virtue.

So reasonable translations include:

• True nobility is born not from riches, but from virtue.
• True nobility comes not from wealth, but from virtue.
• True nobility arises not from riches, but from virtue.

All of these reflect the Latin well.