Pictura quam filia emit non tam magna est quam illa imago reginae, sed mater eam magis amat.

No. The two quams do different jobs.

• In Pictura quam filia emit, quam is a relative pronoun: which/that.

  • It refers back to pictura.
  • Inside its own clause, it is the object of emit.

• In non tam magna est quam illa imago reginae, quam is a comparative word meaning as in the pattern not as ... as.

  • non tam magna ... quam ... = not as large as ...

So the first quam means which/that, while the second quam is part of a comparison.

Because a relative pronoun takes its case from its job in its own clause, not from the case of the noun it refers to.

Here:

• pictura is nominative because it is the subject of est
• quam refers to pictura
• but in the clause quam filia emit, the daughter bought the picture, so quam is the direct object of emit
• therefore quam is accusative singular feminine

This is a very common Latin pattern:

• antecedent in one case
• relative pronoun in a different case, depending on its function in the relative clause

Filia is nominative singular.

It is the subject of emit:

• filia emit = the daughter bought

So in the relative clause quam filia emit, the daughter is the one doing the action.

Emit is:

• 3rd person singular
• present indicative active
• from emo, emere = to buy

So literally it means:

• she buys
• or, depending on context, sometimes English may translate it more naturally as bought

In beginner Latin, the basic form is present: the daughter buys. But depending on the overall translation style, English may use bought if the sentence is being treated more loosely.

Latin has two common ways to compare things:

1. Comparative adjective/adverb

   • maior quam ... = bigger than ...

2. tam ... quam

   • tam magna quam ... = as big as ...
   • non tam magna quam ... = not as big as ...

So:

• non tam magna est quam illa imago reginae means
• it is not as large as that image of the queen

This is slightly different from saying it is smaller than. In English the meanings are close, but Latin is using the not as ... as structure here.

Because magna is a predicate adjective with est, and it agrees with pictura.

• pictura = nominative singular feminine
• magna = nominative singular feminine

In other words:

• The picture is large
• not The picture [something] large

With forms of to be like est, Latin uses the nominative for the adjective describing the subject.

Literally, it means:

• illa = that
• imago = image / likeness / portrait
• reginae = of the queen

So:

• that image of the queen
• or more naturally, that portrait of the queen

Because it shows possession or association: of the queen.

• imago reginae = image of the queen
• reginae is genitive singular

This is a very common use of the genitive in Latin:

• liber pueri = the boy’s book
• villa poetae = the poet’s house
• imago reginae = the queen’s image/portrait

They are related, but not exactly identical in meaning.

• pictura often means painting, picture, or painted work
• imago often means image, likeness, portrait, or even representation

So the sentence may be contrasting:

• one picture/painting with
• another image/portrait

In many contexts, English might translate both with picture, but Latin uses two different words with slightly different shades of meaning.

Eam is the accusative singular feminine form of is, ea, id meaning her/it.

Here it means it, and it refers back to pictura.

Why accusative? Because it is the direct object of amat:

• mater eam amat
• the mother loves/likes it

Since pictura is feminine singular, the pronoun referring to it must also be feminine singular:

• nominative: ea
• accusative: eam

Because mater is the subject of the second clause:

• sed mater eam magis amat
• but the mother likes/loves it more

Latin word order is flexible, but this order is very natural:

• sed = introduces contrast
• mater = new subject
• eam = object
• magis = modifies the verb
• amat = verb at the end, a common Latin placement

So the order helps the sentence unfold clearly, even though Latin does not rely on word order as strictly as English does.

Magis means more, and it modifies the verb amat.

So:

• eam magis amat = she loves/likes it more

This is how Latin often makes a comparison with a verb:

• magis amat = loves more
• magis timet = fears more
• magis laborat = works more

English often needs an implied comparison:

• likes it more than something else
• likes it more than someone else does

Latin can leave that comparison unstated if it is understood from context.

The sentence does not say explicitly more than whom or more than what.

So mater eam magis amat could mean something like:

• the mother likes it more than the daughter does
• the mother likes it more than she likes the queen’s portrait
• the mother likes it better in general

Latin often leaves this kind of comparison implied if the context makes it clear enough.

Either can work, depending on context.

• amo often means love
• but it can also mean like, especially with things rather than people

Since the object here is a picture, English often uses likes more naturally:

• the mother likes it more

But a more literal translation would be:

• the mother loves it more

The main structure is:

• Pictura ... non tam magna est ...
• sed mater eam magis amat

So the sentence has two main clauses joined by sed:

1. Pictura ... non tam magna est quam illa imago reginae

   • The picture ... is not as large as that image of the queen

2. sed mater eam magis amat

   • but the mother likes/loves it more

Inside the first main clause is the relative clause:

• quam filia emit
• which/that the daughter bought

So the structure is:

• Main clause 1:
  • Pictura ... est
• Relative clause inside it:
  • quam filia emit
• Comparison:
  • non tam magna ... quam illa imago reginae
• Main clause 2:
  • sed mater eam magis amat

Yes, Latin often omits pronouns when the meaning is clear. But here eam is useful because it clearly points back to pictura.

Without eam, the clause would be:

• sed mater magis amat

That would mean but the mother loves/likes more, which feels incomplete in English and less clear in Latin too. So including eam makes the object explicit:

• but the mother likes it more

Illa means that and points to a specific image.

It can do a few things:

• simply mean that
• draw attention to something already known
• sometimes add a slight sense of that famous / that particular

So:

• illa imago reginae = that image of the queen not just
• an image of the queen

It helps make the comparison more definite.

Yes. It is very normal for Latin to put the noun first and then follow it with a relative clause.

So:

• Pictura = the picture
• quam filia emit = which the daughter bought

This is exactly parallel to English:

• the picture that the daughter bought

Latin could vary the order more than English, but this version is straightforward and natural for a learner to read.