Amica eius procul ab ianua exspectat et dicit fortunam bonam non statim venire.

Amica is in the nominative singular, which is the case normally used for the subject of a clause. It means friend (specifically a female friend, because it is feminine).

So in:

Amica eius ... exspectat et dicit ...

the subject is amica = his/her friend or the friend of that person.

Latin often puts the subject first, but that is not required. Here it does, which makes the sentence easier to follow.

Eius means his, her, or its, depending on context. It is the genitive singular form of is, ea, id.

So amica eius literally means:

the friend of him/her

and more naturally:

his friend or her friend.

A key point: eius usually refers to someone other than the subject of the clause.

This is a very common question.

Latin distinguishes between:

• eius = his/her referring to someone else
• suus, sua, suum = his/her/its own, referring back to the subject

So:

• Amica eius = his/her friend (someone else's friend)
• Amica sua = her own friend if the subject were feminine and the possession referred back to that subject

In this sentence, eius tells us the friend belongs to or is connected with another person, not to herself.

Procul is an adverb meaning far away or at a distance.

Here it combines with ab ianua:

procul ab ianua = far from the door

So procul tells us where the friend is waiting: not near the door, but at some distance from it.

The preposition ab means from or away from and takes the ablative case.

Ianua means door, and here it appears as ianua in the ablative singular. For a first-declension noun like ianua, the ablative singular has the same form as the nominative singular, so the form itself does not change, but its job in the sentence does.

So:

• ab
  • ablative
• ab ianua = from the door

With procul, the whole phrase means far from the door.

Exspectat is:

• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood
• third person singular

So it means:

he/she/it waits or is waiting and sometimes expects, depending on context.

Because the subject is amica, here it means:

she waits or the friend waits.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Common meanings of exspectare include:

• to wait for
• to await
• to expect

In this sentence, because we already have the location phrase procul ab ianua, the idea of physically waiting is very natural:

Her friend waits far from the door...

But learners should know that exspectare can also be used for mental expectation.

Latin usually does not need an explicit subject pronoun when the verb ending already shows the person and number.

Both exspectat and dicit are third person singular, so Latin can simply say:

• exspectat = she waits
• dicit = she says

The subject amica is already stated, so repeating a pronoun would usually be unnecessary.

Because the subject is still the same: amica.

Latin often links two verbs with et and leaves the same subject understood:

Amica eius ... exspectat et dicit ...

This means:

Her friend waits ... and says ...

Latin avoids repetition when the meaning is clear.

This is an example of indirect statement, one of the most important Latin constructions.

After verbs of saying, thinking, knowing, hearing, and similar ideas, Latin often uses:

• an accusative as the subject of the reported statement
• an infinitive as the verb of the reported statement

So here:

• dicit = she says
• fortunam bonam = the subject of the reported statement, in the accusative
• venire = the verb of the reported statement, in the infinitive

Literally:

she says good fortune not to come immediately

More naturally:

she says that good fortune does not come immediately

Because in an indirect statement, the subject of the reported clause goes into the accusative, not the nominative.

If this were a direct statement, you might have:

Fortuna bona non statim venit.
Good fortune does not come immediately.

But after dicit, Latin changes the structure:

dicit fortunam bonam non statim venire

So:

• fortuna bona = nominative, for a direct statement
• fortunam bonam = accusative, because it is the subject of the infinitive venire

Latin adjective position is more flexible than English adjective position.

Bonam agrees with fortunam in:

• gender: feminine
• number: singular
• case: accusative

So fortunam bonam means good fortune.

Latin could also say bonam fortunam. Both are grammatically correct. Word order in Latin often depends on style, emphasis, or rhythm rather than strict rules like in English.

Venire is the present active infinitive of venio, venire, meaning to come.

In indirect statement after dicit, the infinitive functions as the verb of the reported clause:

dicit ... venire = says ... to come
more naturally, says that ... comes

Because it is the present infinitive, it usually shows action that is simultaneous with the main verb:

she says that good fortune is not coming immediately
or more natural English:
she says that good fortune does not come immediately

Non negates what follows, and statim is an adverb meaning immediately, at once, or right away.

So:

• statim venire = to come immediately
• non statim venire = not to come immediately

Latin word order is flexible, but placing non statim before venire clearly groups the adverbial idea with the infinitive.

Statim is an adverb meaning:

• immediately
• at once
• right away

So the phrase:

non statim venire

means:

not to come at once or not to come immediately.

It modifies venire, not dicit.

Not exactly in the ordinary sense.

In the construction of indirect statement, fortunam bonam is the accusative subject of venire, not a normal direct object of dicit.

That is why it is better to analyze the clause as:

• main verb: dicit
• indirect statement: fortunam bonam non statim venire

Within that indirect statement:

• fortunam bonam = subject
• venire = verb

So although the accusative may look like an object at first, grammatically it belongs with the infinitive.

The direct statement would be:

Fortuna bona non statim venit.

That means:

Good fortune does not come immediately.

After dicit, Latin changes it into indirect statement:

• fortuna bona becomes fortunam bonam
• venit becomes venire

So:

dicit fortunam bonam non statim venire = she says that good fortune does not come immediately

A helpful way to divide it is:

1. Amica eius procul ab ianua exspectat
   = His/Her friend waits far from the door

2. et dicit fortunam bonam non statim venire
   = and says that good fortune does not come immediately

So the overall pattern is:

• subject: amica eius
• first verb: exspectat
• link: et
• second verb: dicit
• indirect statement: fortunam bonam non statim venire

That is a very common and useful Latin sentence pattern.