Magister discipulos monet ut per vicum rectum eant et ad angulum dextrum vertant.

It has two parts:

• the main clause: Magister discipulos monet
• the subordinate clause introduced by ut: ut per vicum rectum eant et ad angulum dextrum vertant

A very natural way to describe this is:

• The teacher advises/warns the students
• to go along the straight street and turn at the right corner

So the ut clause is functioning as an indirect command.

Because discipulos is the direct object of monet.

• magister = the teacher, nominative singular, the subject
• discipulos = the students, accusative plural, the object

Latin is saying The teacher advises the students...

Even though the students are also the ones who will go and turn, they still remain the object of monet in the main clause.

After verbs of advising, urging, warning, ordering, and persuading, Latin often uses ut + subjunctive to express what someone is told or urged to do.

So:

• monet ut eant = he advises/warns them to go

This is called an indirect command or substantive clause of command.

English often uses to + infinitive, but Latin often prefers ut + subjunctive in this kind of sentence.

They are subjunctive because they are inside an ut clause after monet, which is an indirect command.

So:

• eant = that they go
• vertant = that they turn

In smoother English, we usually translate this as:

• to go
• to turn

But in Latin the grammar is literally ut + subjunctive.

Because the main verb monet is in a primary tense: present indicative.

With a present main verb, Latin normally uses the present subjunctive in an indirect command:

• monet ut eant
• monet ut vertant

If the main verb were past, you would usually expect the imperfect subjunctive instead:

• monuit ut irent et verterent

So this is a normal example of sequence of tenses.

Because both verbs belong to the same indirect command.

Latin often introduces the clause once and then coordinates the actions with et:

• ut ... eant et ... vertant

So the sense is:

• that they go ... and turn ...

There is no need to repeat ut before the second verb.

Eant is the 3rd person plural present subjunctive active of eo, ire, meaning to go.

That verb is irregular, so its forms are worth memorizing. The present subjunctive forms are:

• eam
• eas
• eat
• eamus
• eatis
• eant

Here eant means they should go or, in smoother English, simply to go within the indirect command.

Vertant is the 3rd person plural present subjunctive active of verto, vertere, meaning to turn.

So:

• vertant = they should turn / that they turn

Like eant, it is subjunctive because it depends on ut after monet.

Because the preposition per takes the accusative case.

So:

• per = through, along
• vicum = street, accusative singular
• rectum = straight, accusative singular masculine, agreeing with vicum

The phrase per vicum rectum means along the straight street or through the straight street.

Because rectum is an adjective modifying vicum, and adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since vicum is:

• masculine
• singular
• accusative

the adjective must also be:

• masculine
• singular
• accusative

So we get vicum rectum.

Because the preposition ad also takes the accusative.

So:

• ad = to, toward, up to, at
• angulum = corner, accusative singular
• dextrum = right, accusative singular masculine, agreeing with angulum

Therefore ad angulum dextrum means something like to the right corner or, in context, at the right corner.

Latin often expresses directions more concretely than English does.

English can simply say:

• turn right

But Latin may say something more like:

• turn at the right corner
• turn toward the right-hand corner

So dextrum is not directly an adverb here. Instead, it is an adjective describing angulum.

That is a very normal Latin way to express direction.

Either can work depending on context.

The basic meaning of per is through, but with roads, streets, and routes, English often prefers along or down:

• per vicum rectum = through the straight street
• more naturally in English: along the straight street or down the straight street

So the Latin is not strange; it is just using a preposition whose most natural English equivalent depends on context.

Monet comes from moneo, monere. Its basic range includes:

• warn
• advise
• remind
• instruct

In this sentence, the context makes advises or warns the most likely choice.

So magister discipulos monet could mean:

• the teacher advises the students
• the teacher warns the students

The exact English word depends on the situation, but the grammar stays the same.

It is understood, not separately stated.

The people who are to go and turn are the same people already mentioned as discipulos in the main clause. So Latin does not need to repeat a pronoun such as ei or illi.

The verb endings already show that the subject is they:

• eant = they go / should go
• vertant = they turn / should turn

So the sentence naturally means that the students are the ones doing those actions.