haha ha ninniku wo komakaku kitte, huraipan ni iremasu.

は marks 母 as the topic of the sentence.

So 母は means something like:

• As for my mother...
• My mother...

It does not mean mother is in the same way that が often does. Here, the speaker is setting up mother as the person being talked about, and then describing what she does.

In this sentence, 母は tells us that the sentence is about the mother’s actions:

• she finely chops the garlic
• and puts it into the frying pan

Also, 母 usually means my mother when talking to someone else about your own family.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

Here, にんにくを切って means:

• cut the garlic

So にんにく is the thing being cut.

A quick breakdown:

• にんにく = garlic
• を = object marker
• 切って = cut, and then...

So にんにくを tells you what receives the action of cutting.

細かい is an i-adjective, meaning small/fine/minute.
When an i-adjective modifies a noun, you use the plain adjective form:

• 細かい pieces
• 細かい文字 = small writing

But when it modifies a verb, it usually changes into its adverb form by replacing い with く.

So:

• 細かい → 細かく

That gives:

• 細かく切る = to chop/cut finely

In other words, 細かく tells us how the garlic is cut.

It means chop/cut finely, and then...

More literally:

• 細かく = finely
• 切って = cut, and then

So にんにくを細かく切って means:

• finely chop the garlic and...
• cut the garlic into small pieces and...

In cooking, English often says mince or finely chop, and this Japanese phrase works in that same kind of way.

切って is the te-form of 切る.

The te-form is often used to connect actions in sequence. In this sentence, it links:

1. garlic is finely chopped
2. it is put into the frying pan

So the structure is:

• 切って、入れます
• chop/cut it, and put it in

This use of the te-form does not by itself mean past tense. It just connects one action to the next.

That is normal Japanese sentence structure.

When verbs are connected with the te-form, the earlier verb is put into te-form, and the final verb carries the tense and politeness for the whole sentence.

So:

• 切って = connecting form
• 入れます = final verb, polite non-past

This is why Japanese does not say something like:

• 切ります、入れます
  if the speaker wants one smooth connected sentence

Instead, it uses:

• 切って、入れます

Here, に marks the destination or place into which something goes.

So:

• フライパンに入れます = put it into the frying pan

This is a very common pattern:

• X に 入れる = put something into X

Examples:

• 箱に入れる = put it in a box
• 袋に入れる = put it in a bag
• 鍋に入れる = put it into the pot

So に works a lot like into or in here, depending on the English translation.

Because 入れる and 入る are different verbs.

• 入れる = to put something in
• 入る = to enter / to go in

This sentence needs the transitive verb, because the mother is actively putting the garlic into the pan.

So:

• 母はにんにくをフライパンに入れます
  = Mother puts the garlic into the frying pan.

If you used 入る, the meaning would shift toward something like:

• the garlic goes into the frying pan
• the garlic enters the frying pan

That is not the intended structure here.

It is non-past polite.

In Japanese, the non-past form can mean:

• present
• future
• habitual action
• instructions/recipe steps

So depending on context, 入れます could mean:

• puts
• will put
• put (as an instruction in a recipe)

In a cooking context, Japanese often uses this form for recipe steps or for describing what someone does in sequence.

It could be any of those, depending on context.

The grammar itself allows several interpretations:

• describing what the mother is doing
• describing what she usually does
• giving recipe-style instructions

Because the meaning is already given to the learner, the important grammar point is that ます-form non-past is flexible in Japanese. It does not map perfectly to just one English tense.

Because フライパン is a loanword.

Katakana is often used for:

• foreign loanwords
• foreign names
• onomatopoeia
• emphasis in some contexts

フライパン comes from a foreign source and means frying pan.

So the writing tells you this is not a native Japanese word like, for example:

• 鍋（なべ） = pot
• 包丁（ほうちょう） = kitchen knife

When speaking about your own mother to someone else, Japanese commonly uses 母.

A useful contrast:

• 母 = my mother, when talking to others about her
• お母さん = mom / mother, often when addressing her directly or referring to someone else’s mother more politely

So in a neutral sentence like this, 母は is very natural if the speaker means my mother.

No. Standard Japanese is usually written without spaces.

So the normal writing would be:

母はにんにくを細かく切って、フライパンに入れます。

Spaces are often added in beginner materials to make the sentence easier to read and to show word boundaries.

Yes. Very often, Japanese omits subjects when they are clear from context.

So in the right context, you could simply say:

にんにくを細かく切って、フライパンに入れます。

That could mean:

• (She/I/you) finely chop the garlic and put it into the frying pan.

Japanese often leaves out information that the listener can already infer.

A simple breakdown is:

• 母は = as for my mother
• にんにくを = garlic (object)
• 細かく = finely
• 切って、 = chop/cut and...
• フライパンに = into the frying pan
• 入れます = puts

So the pattern is:

Topic + object + adverb + verb-te form + destination + final verb

A very literal ordering in English would be:

• As for my mother, garlic finely cutting, into the frying pan puts.

That sounds unnatural in English, but it shows how Japanese builds the sentence piece by piece.