kare ha toriniku to hakusai wo nabe de nite, saigo ni negi wo iremasita.

は marks 彼 as the topic of the sentence.

So 彼は means something like as for him or he in natural English. Japanese often organizes sentences around a topic rather than just a subject in the English sense.

In this sentence, 彼は sets up who we are talking about, and the rest of the sentence tells what he did.

The particle は is written with the kana は, but when it is used as a topic particle, it is pronounced わ.

So:

• 彼は = かれは in writing
• but pronounced かれわ

This is one of the basic pronunciation exceptions learners need to memorize.

と connects the two nouns, and を marks the whole noun phrase as the direct object of the verb.

So:

• 鶏肉と白菜 = chicken and Chinese cabbage
• 鶏肉と白菜を = chicken and Chinese cabbage as the thing being cooked

You can think of it like this:

• A と B = A and B
• A と B を + verb = do the verb to A and B

Yes, but the nuance changes.

• 鶏肉と白菜 means chicken and Chinese cabbage and sounds like a complete list.
• 鶏肉や白菜 means things like chicken and Chinese cabbage, suggesting the list is incomplete.

So in this sentence, と is the more natural choice if those are the ingredients specifically being mentioned.

Here, で marks the place or means/tool used for the action.

So 鍋で煮て means:

• boiled/simmered it in a pot
• or cooked it using a pot

If you used に, it would sound unnatural here, because 煮る is an action happening in/with the pot, and で is the normal particle for that.

A helpful shortcut:

• で = where an action happens / what you use to do it
• に = destination, existence, specific point in time, etc.

煮て is the て-form of 煮る.

• dictionary form: 煮る = to boil, simmer, cook by simmering
• て-form: 煮て

In this sentence, the て-form connects one action to the next:

• 鍋で煮て、最後にねぎを入れました。
• He simmered it in a pot, and finally added green onions.

So 煮て does not end the sentence by itself here; it links to the next action.

Because 入れました is the final main verb of the sentence, and it needs to show tense and politeness.

• 入れる = to put in, add
• 入れました = added / put in (polite past)

The earlier verb 煮て is in て-form because it is connecting actions. The last verb carries the final tense and politeness for the whole sentence.

So the pattern is:

• Action 1 て、Action 2 ました
• did Action 1, and did Action 2

最後に means lastly, finally, or at the end.

The に here marks a point in a sequence or stage.

So:

• 最後に = finally / in the end / as the last step

This is very common in instructions and recipes.

Examples:

• 最初に = first
• 次に = next
• 最後に = finally

Japanese nouns usually do not change form for singular vs. plural.

So ねぎ can mean:

• a green onion
• green onions
• some chopped scallions

The exact number is understood from context, not from the noun form itself.

In a cooking sentence like this, English often uses a mass-style translation such as green onion or green onions, depending on what sounds natural.

ねぎ is a general Japanese word for a long onion-like vegetable. Depending on context, it may be translated as:

• green onion
• scallion
• spring onion
• sometimes Japanese leek

In many beginner translations, green onion is the safest choice.

を marks ねぎ as the direct object of 入れました.

So:

• ねぎを入れました = added green onions

This is the same basic pattern as with many transitive verbs in Japanese:

• X を 食べる = eat X
• X を 入れる = put in / add X
• X を 読む = read X

Both can sometimes be translated as he, but the nuance is different.

• 彼は presents him as the topic: as for him, ...
• 彼が would emphasize that he is the one who did it

In a neutral sentence like this, 彼は sounds natural if you are simply describing what he did.
彼が might be used if you are contrasting him with someone else or identifying him specifically.

For example:

• 彼は鍋で煮て… = As for him, he simmered it...
• 彼が鍋で煮て… = He is the one who simmered it...

No. Very often, Japanese leaves out the subject when it is clear from context.

So this sentence could naturally appear as:

• 鶏肉と白菜を鍋で煮て、最後にねぎを入れました。

This would still be perfectly normal Japanese if everyone already knows who is cooking.

Japanese often omits information that English usually states explicitly.

It is read:

かれ は とりにく と はくさい を なべ で にて、さいご に ねぎ を いれました。

A more natural pronunciation guide:

kare wa toriniku to hakusai o nabe de nite, saigo ni negi o iremashita

Notes:

• は is pronounced wa
• を is often pronounced close to o
• 煮て is nite
• 入れました is iremashita

Not always. In cooking contexts, 煮る often means to simmer or to cook by simmering, not necessarily a hard rolling boil.

So depending on context, good translations include:

• boil
• simmer
• cook in a pot

In a recipe sentence like this, simmered is often the most natural English choice.

The comma shows a pause between the connected actions:

• 煮て、最後に…
• after simmering it, finally...

Japanese commas are often used more flexibly than English commas. Here it helps readability and makes the sequence of actions easier to follow. The sentence would still be understandable without it, but the comma is very natural.

A simple breakdown is:

• 彼は = as for him
• 鶏肉と白菜を = chicken and Chinese cabbage
• 鍋で = in a pot
• 煮て = simmering / simmered and...
• 最後に = finally
• ねぎを = green onion(s)
• 入れました = added

So the structure is basically:

Topic + object + place/tool + verb in て-form + time/sequence phrase + object + final verb

This kind of chaining is very common in Japanese, especially in recipes and instructions.