sinsatu ga owattara, yakkyoku de kusuri wo uketorimasu

It is read:

しんさつ が おわったら、やっきょく で くすり を うけとります。

Word readings:

• 診察 → しんさつ
• 終わったら → おわったら
• 薬局 → やっきょく
• 薬 → くすり
• 受け取ります → うけとります

診察 means a medical examination, consultation, or doctor’s checkup.

In this sentence, it refers to the part where the doctor sees and examines the patient. So it is not the whole hospital visit in a broad sense; it is specifically the examination/consultation.

Here, が marks 診察 as the thing that ends.

The verb 終わる means to end or to be over, and the thing that ends is often marked with が:

• 授業が終わる → class ends
• 仕事が終わる → work ends
• 診察が終わる → the examination ends

So 診察が終わったら literally means when/after the examination has ended.

終わったら is made from:

• 終わる → to end
• 終わった → ended
• 終わったら → if/when it has ended, after it ends

The たら form is often used for a condition or sequence:

• 雨が降ったら、帰ります → If it rains, I’ll go home
• 着いたら、電話します → When I arrive, I’ll call
• 診察が終わったら、薬局で薬を受け取ります → After the examination is over, I will pick up the medicine at the pharmacy

Even though 終わった looks like a past form, in ～たら it often refers to a future condition: first the examination finishes, then the next action happens.

In this sentence, ～たら is best understood as when or after.

That is because the first action naturally happens before the second one:

1. the examination ends
2. the medicine is picked up

So the nuance is not really a hypothetical if. It is more like:

• when the examination is over
• after the examination is over

で marks the place where an action happens.

Since 受け取ります is an action, the location of that action is marked with で:

• 薬局で薬を受け取ります → I receive/pick up the medicine at the pharmacy

Compare:

• に often marks a destination or point of arrival
• で marks where an action takes place

For example:

• 薬局に行きます → I go to the pharmacy
• 薬局で薬を受け取ります → I pick up the medicine at the pharmacy

を marks the direct object of the verb.

Here, the verb is 受け取ります and the thing being received is 薬, so:

• 薬を受け取ります → receive/pick up the medicine

This is very straightforward object marking:

• 本を読みます → read a book
• コーヒーを飲みます → drink coffee
• 薬を受け取ります → pick up medicine

受け取ります means to receive, to accept, or to pick up.

In this context, it sounds natural for collecting medicine that has been prepared for you, so pick up is a very good translation.

Why not もらいます?

• もらいます means to receive/get from someone
• 受け取ります focuses more on formally receiving or taking possession of something

At a pharmacy, 受け取ります sounds especially natural because it fits the idea of collecting prescribed medicine.

The subject is omitted, which is very common in Japanese.

From context, the understood subject is probably I:

• (私は) 診察が終わったら、薬局で薬を受け取ります。

Japanese often leaves out subjects when they are obvious from the situation. So even though 私 is not stated, the sentence can still naturally mean I will pick up the medicine at the pharmacy after the examination is over.

Japanese ～ます forms do not strictly separate present and future the way English does.

So 受け取ります can mean:

• I pick up
• I will pick up

In this sentence, because it describes what happens after the examination ends, it is most naturally understood as a future action:

• I will pick up the medicine

It could also describe a usual routine in the right context:

• After the examination, I pick up my medicine at the pharmacy

Japanese is basically an SOV language: subject – object – verb.

So instead of saying:

• I pick up the medicine at the pharmacy

Japanese puts the main verb last:

• 薬局で 薬を 受け取ります

Also, the time or condition clause often comes first:

• 診察が終わったら、薬局で薬を受け取ります

This word order is normal in Japanese.

No. Normal Japanese writing usually does not use spaces between words.

A natural written version would be:

診察が終わったら、薬局で薬を受け取ります。

The spaces in your example are probably included just to make it easier for learners to see the parts of the sentence.

Yes, 診察は終わったら is theoretically possible in some special context, but it would not be the normal choice here.

Why が is natural:

• it simply marks the examination as the thing that ends

Using は would add a contrastive or topical nuance, something like:

• as for the examination, when that’s over...

That sounds less neutral unless you are contrasting it with something else. So in this sentence, 診察が終わったら is the most natural wording.