asa hayaku ittano ni, sinsatu made itizikan mo kakarimasita.

Because 早い is an i-adjective, and when an i-adjective modifies a verb, it changes to its -く form.

• 早い朝 = an early morning
• 朝早く行く = to go early in the morning

So 朝早く行った means went early in the morning.

〜のに here means even though, although, or despite the fact that.

So:

• 行った = went
• 行ったのに = even though I went

In this sentence, it sets up a result that feels unexpected or contrary to what the speaker hoped:

• 朝早く行ったのに = Even though I went early in the morning...

It often carries a feeling of complaint, surprise, or frustration.

For learners, it is best to treat 〜のに here as one grammar pattern meaning although / even though.

Historically, it can be analyzed as の + に, but in a sentence like this, that is usually not the most helpful way to understand it. Just learn:

• plain form + のに = even though...

Examples:

• 安いのに、おいしい。 = Even though it’s cheap, it’s delicious.
• 勉強したのに、忘れた。 = Even though I studied, I forgot.

まで means until, up to, or before reaching some point.

So 診察まで means:

• until the examination
• before being seen by the doctor

In other words, the sentence is talking about the time from arriving there until the actual medical consultation/exam started.

So:

• 診察まで一時間かかりました = It took one hour until the examination

診察 means a medical examination, consultation, or being seen by a doctor.

It does not mean just entering the hospital or clinic. It refers more specifically to the point where the doctor actually examines or sees the patient.

So the sentence implies something like:

• the speaker arrived early
• but still had to wait a long time before the doctor saw them

The particle も after a quantity often adds emphasis, something like:

• as much as
• a whole
• no less than

So:

• 一時間かかりました = It took one hour
• 一時間もかかりました = It took a whole hour / It took as much as an hour

Here, も makes it sound like the speaker feels that one hour was a lot.

Good question. Both can work in related situations, but the nuance is different.

• かかりました focuses on how much time it took
• 待ちました focuses on the act of waiting

So:

• 診察まで一時間もかかりました = It took a whole hour until the examination
• 一時間も待ちました = I waited for a whole hour

The original sentence emphasizes the length of time required before the examination happened.

Japanese often leaves out information that is clear from context.

In this sentence, the omitted information is probably something like:

• I went
• to the hospital/clinic

So the fuller idea might be:

• I went to the clinic early in the morning, but it still took a whole hour before I was seen.

Japanese does this very naturally. If the context already makes the subject and place obvious, they are often omitted.

By itself, 朝 basically means morning. Depending on context, it can be understood as:

• in the morning
• this morning

In the phrase 朝早く, it most naturally means:

• early in the morning

So the sentence does not need to explicitly say this morning unless the speaker wants to be extra specific.

This is completely normal in Japanese.

The clause 朝早く行ったのに is a subordinate clause, and subordinate clauses usually use the plain form, even in polite speech.

Then the main sentence ends with the polite form:

• かかりました

So the whole sentence is polite overall.

A casual version would be:

• 朝早く行ったのに、診察まで一時間もかかった。

A polite version is:

• 朝早く行ったのに、診察まで一時間もかかりました。

Yes. Normal Japanese writing does not use spaces between words.

So this would normally be written as:

朝早く行ったのに、診察まで一時間もかかりました。

The spaces are usually added only for learners to make the parts easier to see.