hoteru ga kuukou made no basu wo tehaisita.

が marks ホテル as the grammatical subject: the hotel is the one that arranged the bus.

Using が often sounds like you are identifying or highlighting the subject, as in It was the hotel that arranged it or The hotel arranged it.

If you used は instead, the sentence would still be possible, but the nuance would change a little:

• ホテルが空港までのバスを手配した。
  Focuses on the hotel as the doer.
• ホテルは空港までのバスを手配した。
  Presents the hotel as the topic, perhaps in contrast with something else.

So が is natural if the speaker is simply stating who arranged the bus.

It means a bus to the airport or more literally a bus as far as the airport.

Breakdown:

• 空港 = airport
• まで = up to, until, as far as
• の = links that phrase to the noun バス

So 空港までのバス is a noun phrase meaning the bus that goes to the airport.

まで marks an endpoint or destination: as far as the airport.

In this sentence, it helps describe the bus:

• 空港までのバス = bus to the airport

A learner may expect に or へ, but まで is very common when emphasizing the destination as the end point of travel.

So the idea is not just airport-direction bus, but specifically a bus that goes as far as the airport.

Here, の connects 空港まで to バス, turning the first part into a modifier of the noun.

So:

• 空港まで = to the airport
• 空港までのバス = bus to the airport

You can think of の here as something like for, to, or that goes to, depending on what sounds natural in English. It does not always mean possession.

Because バス is the direct object of 手配した.

The verb 手配する means to arrange. What did the hotel arrange?
It arranged the bus.

So:

• バスを手配した = arranged the bus

That is why を is used.

手配した is the past tense of 手配する, which means to arrange, to make arrangements for, or to organize.

So:

• 手配する = arrange
• 手配した = arranged

It often sounds a little formal or businesslike. It is a very natural verb for things like transportation, hotel services, tickets, staff, or schedules.

Because Japanese normally puts the main verb at the end of the sentence.

So the basic structure is:

• ホテルが = the hotel
• 空港までのバスを = the bus to the airport
• 手配した = arranged

This is a standard Japanese sentence pattern: subject + object + verb.

Not really. In Japanese, as in English, a place name can stand for the people working there.

So ホテルが手配した means something like:

• the hotel arranged it
• the hotel staff arranged it
• the hotel made the arrangements

It does not mean the building itself physically did something.

Yes, ホテルは空港までのバスを手配した。 is also grammatical.

The difference is nuance:

• が highlights or identifies the subject
• は marks the topic and can sound more contrastive or more like background information

For example:

• ホテルが空港までのバスを手配した。
  The hotel arranged the bus.
• ホテルは空港までのバスを手配したが、帰りの車は手配しなかった。
  The hotel arranged a bus to the airport, but it did not arrange a car for the return trip.

So both are possible, but が fits well if the speaker is simply stating who did it.

Yes, in many situations you could.

• 空港行きのバス = a bus bound for the airport
• 空港までのバス = a bus to the airport / as far as the airport

Both can be translated similarly.
However, 空港行きのバス more directly means airport-bound bus, while 空港までのバス emphasizes the destination endpoint.

In everyday usage, both may work, but they are not always perfectly interchangeable in every context.

They are usually added only for learners.

Normal Japanese writing would be:

ホテルが空港までのバスを手配した。

Japanese does not normally use spaces between words the way English does. The spaced version is just there to make the sentence structure easier to see.

Not exactly in the full verb sense, but it is a noun-modifying expression.

A full relative clause would look more like:

• 空港まで行くバス = the bus that goes to the airport

In your sentence, 空港までのバス is a shorter noun phrase built with の instead of a verb. Both structures modify バス, but this one is more compact.

So it is best understood as:

• 空港まで describing the destination
• の linking that description to バス

Yes, possibly.

Japanese often leaves out information that is obvious from context. For example, the sentence does not specify:

• who the bus was for
• whether it was a shuttle, charter bus, or reservation
• whether it was arranged for the speaker, a guest, or a group

So depending on context, it could mean things like:

• The hotel arranged a bus to the airport.
• The hotel arranged an airport bus for us.
• The hotel made arrangements for transportation to the airport.

The Japanese sentence itself does not force all of those details to be stated.