L'interpretazione simultanea usa la cabina di interpretazione.

Because la becomes l' before a word that starts with a vowel. This is called elision.

• la interpretazione → l'interpretazione

Italian does this very often to make pronunciation smoother. The full article is still la, because interpretazione is a feminine singular noun.

In Italian, adjectives often come after the noun, much more often than in English.

So:

• interpretazione simultanea = simultaneous interpreting / simultaneous interpretation

Putting the adjective after the noun is the normal order here. English usually does the opposite: simultaneous interpretation.

Because adjectives in Italian must agree with the noun they describe in gender and number.

• interpretazione is feminine singular
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular
• therefore: simultanea

Compare:

• interpretazione simultanea = feminine singular
• servizio simultaneo = masculine singular

The subject is L'interpretazione simultanea.

So the sentence literally means:

• Simultaneous interpreting uses the interpreting booth.

Italian often allows an activity, method, or system to be the grammatical subject, just as English can say things like:

• This method uses special software.
• Simultaneous interpreting uses a booth.

So usa is not referring to a person directly; it refers to the type of interpreting.

Because the subject is singular.

• L'interpretazione simultanea = one activity / one type of interpreting
• therefore the verb is usa = uses

If the subject were plural, the verb would change:

• Le interpretazioni simultanee usano... = Simultaneous interpretations use...

Italian uses definite articles more often than English does. In many general statements, Italian prefers the where English might use the, a/an, or sometimes no article at all depending on style.

So:

• usa la cabina di interpretazione

is natural Italian for a general statement about how simultaneous interpreting works.

It does not always mean one specific booth already known to the listener; it can simply refer to the standard kind of booth used for that activity.

Here di means something like for or used for.

So:

• cabina di interpretazione = interpreting booth / interpretation booth

It is a noun + di + noun structure, which is very common in Italian for describing type or function.

Other examples:

• sala da pranzo = dining room
• bicchiere di vino = glass of wine
• corso di italiano = Italian course

In this sentence, di interpretazione tells us what kind of booth it is.

Yes. cabina di interpretazione and cabina d'interpretazione are both possible.

That happens because di can elide before a vowel:

• di interpretazione → d'interpretazione

Both are understandable and natural. You may see either version in real Italian.

Because the two phrases refer to related but different things:

• interpretazione simultanea = the mode/type of interpreting
• cabina di interpretazione = the booth used for interpreting

So even though the same noun appears twice, each phrase has a different function. Italian often repeats nouns where English might vary the wording a little more.

Yes, that is also grammatical, but it changes the focus.

• L'interpretazione simultanea usa la cabina di interpretazione.
  Focus: the activity and what it uses.

• La cabina di interpretazione è usata nell'interpretazione simultanea.
  Focus: the booth and how it is used.

The original sentence is active and straightforward. Your alternative is passive and sounds a bit more formal.

Not exactly. In careful language, interpretazione means interpreting, while traduzione means translation.

• interpretazione = spoken language
• traduzione = written language

So interpretazione simultanea is specifically simultaneous interpreting, not translation in the strict professional sense. English speakers often say translation casually, but in language-study or professional contexts, the distinction matters.