Adik perempuan saya suka minum jus dengan sedotan, tetapi saya lebih suka minum langsung dari gelas.

Adik means younger sibling. By itself, it does not tell you whether the sibling is male or female.

Perempuan means female / woman. So adik perempuan literally means female younger sibling, which English naturally translates as younger sister.

For comparison:

• adik laki-laki = younger brother
• kakak perempuan = older sister
• kakak laki-laki = older brother

In Indonesian, words that describe or specify a noun often come after the noun.

So:

• adik perempuan = younger sibling + female
• literally: younger sibling female

This is normal Indonesian word order. English usually puts the describing word before the noun, but Indonesian often puts it after.

Because Indonesian does not change the form of the pronoun the way English does.

• saya = I / me
• after a noun, saya shows possession, so it means my

So:

• adik perempuan saya = my younger sister
• saya lebih suka = I prefer

A useful pattern is:

• noun + saya = my + noun

For example:

• buku saya = my book
• teman saya = my friend

You could say adik saya if the gender is already clear from context or not important.

• adik saya = my younger sibling / my younger brother / my younger sister
• adik perempuan saya = my younger sister

So perempuan is added to make the meaning explicit.

Suka means to like.

When followed by a verb, it means to like doing something:

• suka minum = like drinking / like to drink
• suka makan = like eating / like to eat

So:

• Adik perempuan saya suka minum jus = My younger sister likes to drink juice

Indonesian does not need a separate word like English to before the verb.

Literally, lebih suka means like more. In natural English, that is usually translated as prefer.

So:

• saya lebih suka minum langsung dari gelas = I prefer to drink directly from the glass

If you want to state both options explicitly, Indonesian can also use daripada:

• Saya lebih suka minum langsung dari gelas daripada dengan sedotan.
• I prefer drinking directly from the glass rather than with a straw.

In your sentence, the comparison is already clear from the contrast, so daripada is not necessary.

Because each clause has its own verb phrase.

• Adik perempuan saya suka minum jus dengan sedotan
• tetapi saya lebih suka minum langsung dari gelas

Repeating minum makes the sentence clear and natural. Indonesian often repeats a verb where English might sometimes shorten things.

If you removed the second minum, the sentence would sound less complete.

Dengan usually means with, and here it shows the instrument used to do something.

• sedotan = straw
• dengan sedotan = with a straw / using a straw

So:

• minum jus dengan sedotan = drink juice with a straw

Because the meaning is from the glass, not with the glass.

• dari = from
• dengan = with / using

So:

• minum langsung dari gelas = drink directly from the glass

If you said dengan gelas, it would sound more like using a glass, which is a different idea and not the natural meaning here.

Langsung means directly, straight, or without an intermediate step.

So:

• minum langsung dari gelas = drink directly from the glass

Here it suggests without using a straw.

It is not just from the glass, but straight from the glass.

They both mean but.

• tetapi = fuller, more formal or careful
• tapi = shorter, very common in everyday speech

So in conversation, many people would say:

• ..., tapi saya lebih suka ...

In writing or more careful speech, tetapi is very common and completely natural.

Yes. Jus is the standard Indonesian word for juice.

Examples:

• jus jeruk = orange juice
• jus apel = apple juice
• jus mangga = mango juice

It is a loanword, but fully normal in Indonesian.

Gelas usually means a drinking glass or sometimes a general drinking vessel depending on context.

If you want to be more specific:

• gelas = glass
• cangkir = cup
• mug = mug

In your sentence, gelas most naturally means a regular drinking glass.

Because Indonesian does not normally use articles like English a, an, and the.

So:

• jus can mean juice, some juice, or the juice, depending on context
• gelas can mean a glass or the glass, depending on context

The listener understands from the situation, not from an article.

It is common and helpful because the sentence has two full clauses joined by tetapi:

• Adik perempuan saya suka minum jus dengan sedotan
• tetapi saya lebih suka minum langsung dari gelas

The comma makes the contrast easier to read. In careful writing, it is a good choice.