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Aplikasi itu menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.

Aplikasi itu menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.
That app connects teachers and students in the online class.
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Questions & Answers about Aplikasi itu menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.

Why is itu placed after aplikasi? Could we also say itu aplikasi? What is the difference between aplikasi itu and aplikasi ini?

In standard Indonesian, demonstratives normally come after the noun:

  • aplikasi itu = that app / the app (already known in the context)
  • aplikasi ini = this app (close to the speaker, or just introduced)

Putting itu before the noun (itu aplikasi) is possible in speech but sounds more like:

  • Itu aplikasi yang… = That is the app that…

So:

  • aplikasi itu = a noun phrase (the app)
  • itu aplikasi = often starts a sentence meaning that is an app or that app is…

For a simple subject The app connects…, the natural form is Aplikasi itu…, not Itu aplikasi….

What does menghubungkan literally mean, and how is it formed from hubung?

The root hubung means connection / relation.

The verb menghubungkan is formed with the meN- … -kan pattern:

  • hubung (root)
  • menghubung (meN- + root; the nasal N changes to ng before h)
  • menghubungkan (meN- + root + -kan)

Meaning:

  • menghubungkan = to connect / to link something with something else

It is a transitive verb: it takes an object (what is being connected), and often implies two sides:

  • Aplikasi itu menghubungkan guru dan murid…
    The app connects teachers and students…

You will see many verbs like this:

  • membukakan (from buka)
  • menghidupkan (from hidup)
  • menyambungkan (from sambung)
Why is it menghubungkan guru dan murid and not menghubungkan guru dengan murid? Are both correct?

Both are possible, but the structure is a bit different.

  1. menghubungkan guru dan murid
    Here, guru dan murid functions together as the object:

    • literally: connects teachers and students
      It focuses on them as a pair or group involved in the connection.

  2. menghubungkan guru dengan murid
    Here, guru is the direct object and dengan murid is a prepositional phrase:

    • literally: connects the teacher(s) with the student(s)
      It emphasizes the relationship between the two sides.

In everyday use, both can describe what the app does, and many speakers will not feel a big difference. Your original sentence with dan is natural and correct.

Does guru here mean one teacher or many teachers? Why is there no plural ending?

Indonesian usually does not mark plural with an ending the way English does. A bare noun can be singular or plural, depending on context:

  • guru = teacher / teachers
  • murid = student / students

In Aplikasi itu menghubungkan guru dan murid…, it is natural to understand:

  • guru = teachers
  • murid = students

because an app for online classes normally serves more than one person.

If you want to make the plural idea clearer, you can add optional plural markers:

  • para guru (a group of teachers)
  • guru-guru (reduplication for plural)
  • para murid, murid-murid

For example:

  • Aplikasi itu menghubungkan para guru dan para murid di kelas daring.
How can I say teachers and students more explicitly in the plural?

Several natural options:

  1. para guru dan para murid

    • para
      • a human noun = a group of people
    • slightly formal, common in written or formal spoken Indonesian.

  2. guru-guru dan murid-murid

    • reduplication often indicates plurality or variety.
    • sounds neutral, used in speech and writing.

  3. Combine both (more emphatic and formal):

    • para guru dan murid-murid
    • para guru dan para murid

Your original sentence is already fine; these are just ways to emphasize plurality.

What is the function of di in di kelas daring? Could we say pada kelas daring or dalam kelas daring instead?

di is the most common preposition for location:

  • di kelas daring = in the online class / in online classes

Alternatives:

  1. pada kelas daring

    • more formal, often used in writing or official language.
    • grammatically correct but less common than di in everyday speech for this context.

  2. dalam kelas daring

    • literally inside the online class
    • emphasizes being inside something, a bit more spatial or figurative.

In this sentence, di kelas daring is the most natural, neutral choice.
pada sounds more formal; dalam can be used, but the nuance slightly shifts to within the context/framework of the online class.

What exactly does daring mean? Is it an acronym? Can I also just say online?

daring is a relatively modern Indonesian word meaning online.

It comes from the phrase dalam jaringan:

  • dalam = in / inside
  • jaringan = network
  • dalam jaringan → shortened to daring

So:

  • kelas daring = online class

You will also hear and see kelas online very often, especially in informal or semi-formal contexts. Both kelas daring and kelas online are understood and used; daring is a more Indonesian-style term, while online is a direct English loanword.

Is murid the same as siswa or pelajar? Which one is more natural here?

They are related but not identical:

  • murid:

    • traditional, broad term for pupil / student (any level)
    • often used for school students (elementary to high school), can be used more generally.

  • siswa:

    • usually used for school students (SD, SMP, SMA)
    • less for university level.

  • pelajar:

    • literally learner, often used in more formal contexts or for students in a general or official sense (e.g., pelajar Indonesia di luar negeri = Indonesian students abroad).

In your sentence, all of these could work:

  • guru dan murid
  • guru dan siswa
  • guru dan pelajar

guru dan murid is very natural and common for talking about teachers and their students in a general sense.

How would the sentence change if I want to talk about apps in general, not one specific app?

To talk about apps in general, you usually drop the demonstrative itu:

  • Aplikasi menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.
    = Apps connect teachers and students in online classes (general statement).

If you want to be very explicit that it is plural apps, you can use reduplication:

  • Aplikasi-aplikasi menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.

But in most real usage, the simple Aplikasi menghubungkan… is enough to convey a general statement, especially if the wider context is already about apps in general.

How do we express different tenses with this sentence, like The app is connecting / connected / will connect?

Indonesian verbs usually do not change form for tense. Instead, you use time expressions or auxiliary words. From your base:

  • Aplikasi itu menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.

You can adjust:

  1. present / general fact

    • Aplikasi itu menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.
      (The app connects teachers and students in online classes.)

  2. progressive (is connecting right now)

    • Aplikasi itu sedang menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.
      (sedang = currently, in the process of)

  3. past (has connected / connected)

    • Aplikasi itu sudah menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.
      (sudah = already)
    • Aplikasi itu telah menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.
      (telah = already, more formal)

  4. future (will connect)

    • Aplikasi itu akan menghubungkan guru dan murid di kelas daring.
      (akan = will)

The verb menghubungkan itself stays the same; the time words (like sedang, sudah, telah, akan, or an explicit time such as besok, kemarin) indicate when the action happens.