Andai cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.

If only the weather were clear, we could study in the park until night.

Breakdown of Andai cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.

• adalah: to be
• di: in
• kami: we
• belajar: to study
• taman: the park
• bisa: can
• cuaca: the weather
• malam: the night
• sampai: until
• cerah: clear
• andai: if only

Questions & Answers about Andai cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.

What does andai mean here, and how is it different from kalau or jika?

Andai introduces a hypothetical or unreal condition, similar to “if only / if” in English with a slightly wishful feeling.

• Andai cuaca cerah...
  = If (only) the weather were clear... (imagining or wishing)

Compared:

• kalau cuaca cerah... – neutral “if the weather is clear...” (most common in speech)
• jika cuaca cerah... – more formal, often in writing
• andaikan / seandainya cuaca cerah... – even stronger “if only / suppose that”

You can usually replace andai with kalau without changing the basic grammar, but andai sounds a bit more hypothetical or wistful.

Why is there no word for “is” in cuaca cerah? Shouldn’t it be “cuaca is clear”?

Indonesian doesn’t normally use a separate verb like “to be” (is/are) before adjectives.

• cuaca cerah literally: weather clear
• Meaning: “the weather is clear”

In Indonesian:

• Noun + adjective can mean “the noun is [adjective]”
  
  • dia pintar = “he/she is smart”
  • rumah itu besar = “that house is big”

So cuaca cerah already means “the weather is clear” without needing a word like is.

Why say cuaca cerah and not just cerah? Don’t people already know we’re talking about the weather?

Both are possible, but they feel slightly different:

• cuaca cerah – explicitly: “the weather is clear.”
• Just cerah – often understood as “(it’s) clear (weather)”, from context.

In a full sentence like this, it’s very natural to say:

• Andai cuaca cerah...
  It clearly marks cuaca as the subject and cerah as its description.

In casual speech, if the context is obvious, someone might say just Kalau cerah, kita pergi ke taman. (“If it’s clear, we’ll go to the park.”) and people understand cerah refers to the weather.

What exactly does bisa mean here? Is it ability, permission, or possibility?

Bisa can mean can / be able to / possible to, and the exact nuance depends on context.

In kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam, it’s mainly:

• can / are able to / have the opportunity to study in the park until night.

Rough equivalents:

• bisa – can / be able / possible
• dapat – can / may / be able (often more formal, similar to bisa)
• boleh – may (permission)

So here bisa is not really “may I?” permission, but more like:

• If the weather is clear, we can (are able to / will be able to) study in the park until night.

Why is the subject kami and not kita? What’s the difference?

Both mean “we”, but:

• kami = we (excluding the person spoken to)
  → “we, but not you”
• kita = we (including the person spoken to)
  → “you and I (and maybe others)”

So:

• Andai cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.
  = If the weather were clear, *we (not including you) could study in the park until night.*

If the speaker wants to include the listener in the group:

• Andai cuaca cerah, kita bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.
  = If the weather were clear, *we (you and I) could study...*

Does belajar need an object, like “belajar sesuatu (something)”? It just says belajar, is that complete?

Belajar can be:

• intransitive (no object): just “to study / to learn” in general
  
  • Saya sedang belajar. – “I am studying.”
• followed by what you learn:
  • belajar bahasa Indonesia – study Indonesian
  • belajar matematika – study math

In this sentence:

• kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam
  = we can study in the park until night (what we study is understood from context).

So belajar here is perfectly complete without an object.

Why is it di taman, not ke taman? What’s the difference?

In Indonesian:

• di = at / in / on (location, where something happens)
• ke = to (movement or direction towards a place)

Here, the sentence talks about where the studying happens, not about going there:

• belajar di taman – study in/at the park (location)
• pergi ke taman – go to the park (movement)

So di taman is correct because the action is studying (belajar), and its place is at the park, not the movement to the park.

What does sampai malam mean exactly? “Until night”, “until evening”, or “until late”?

Literally, sampai malam = “until night.”

Nuance:

• Often understood as until (it is) night-time / until the evening comes.
• Depending on context, it can feel like “until evening” or even “until late at night”, but it doesn’t itself mean “very late”; it’s quite neutral.

Similar expressions:

• sampai sore – until late afternoon / early evening
• sampai larut malam – until late at night
• sampai pagi – until morning

You can also use hingga instead of sampai:

• hingga malam = sampai malam.

Is the word order fixed? Can I say Kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam andai cuaca cerah?

Indonesian word order is flexible with clauses. You can put the if-clause first or second:

• Andai cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.
• Kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam andai cuaca cerah.

Both are grammatically fine. In practice:

• Condition-first (Andai cuaca cerah, ...) is very common, especially in writing.
• In speech, either order is acceptable, but condition-first usually sounds more natural here.

When the conditional clause comes after, many speakers still prefer kalau or jika:

• Kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam kalau cuaca cerah.

There’s no future marker like akan. How do we know this is talking about a future situation?

Indonesian often leaves tense (past/present/future) implicit and lets context show the time.

• bisa belajar by itself doesn’t say when, just “can study / are able to study.”

• The hypothetical andai cuaca cerah implies a future or unreal situation, so we naturally interpret it as future possibility:

  If the weather were clear, we could study in the park until night (then).

You could add akan to emphasize future:

• Andai cuaca cerah, kami akan bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.

But in everyday Indonesian, it’s very normal to omit akan when the future meaning is already clear from context.

What’s the difference between Andai cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar... and Kalau cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar...?

The structure and basic meaning (an if-condition) are similar, but nuance differs:

• Andai cuaca cerah...

  • more hypothetical / imaginative / wishful
  • can feel like “if only the weather were clear...”

• Kalau cuaca cerah...

  • more neutral and everyday
  • like “if the weather is clear...” (a realistic condition)

In many everyday situations, people will default to kalau. Andai can sound a bit more literary, emotional, or “story-like,” depending on context.

Could I replace andai with andaikan or seandainya here? Do they change the meaning?

Yes, you can:

• Andaikan cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.
• Seandainya cuaca cerah, kami bisa belajar di taman sampai malam.

They are very close in meaning to andai, but:

• andaikan / seandainya tend to sound a bit longer, slightly more formal or dramatic, often used in:
  • written language
  • songs, stories, or emotional statements

All three (andai, andaikan, seandainya) can express a hypothetical / wishful “if only” type of condition. The core meaning of the sentence doesn’t change much; it’s more about style and tone.