Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Setiap Minggu pagi, kami berkumpul di rumah kakek untuk sarapan dan kebersamaan. - Every Sunday morning, we gather at grandpa’s house for breakfast and togetherness.

So the time expression here is “every Sunday (in the) morning,” not “every week morning.”
If you wanted “every week,” you’d usually use setiap minggu (lowercase m) and then specify the day/time if needed.

Can I change the word order of Setiap Minggu pagi? For example, can I say Setiap pagi Minggu or Pada setiap Minggu pagi?

Yes, there is some flexibility:

Setiap Minggu pagi, kami… (most common and natural)
Setiap hari Minggu pagi, kami… (adds hari “day”, still natural)
Pada setiap Minggu pagi, kami… (more formal, often written)

Setiap pagi Minggu is understandable but less natural; usually Indonesians say Setiap Minggu pagi or Setiap hari Minggu pagi.

What is the difference between kami and kita, and why is kami used here?

Both mean “we”, but:

kami = we (excluding the listener)
kita = we (including the listener)

In this sentence, kami suggests the speaker is talking about a group that does not necessarily include the person being spoken to (e.g., “My family and I”).

If the speaker wanted to include the listener (for example, inviting them), they might say:

Setiap Minggu pagi, kita berkumpul di rumah kakek…

What does berkumpul literally mean, and how is it different from just kumpul?

Base word: kumpul = gather
With prefix ber-: berkumpul = to gather, to assemble (intransitive verb)

berkumpul is the standard form in formal and neutral Indonesian.
In casual speech, people often drop ber- and say kumpul:

Formal/neutral: Kami berkumpul di rumah kakek.
Informal: Kami kumpul di rumah kakek.

Both mean “we gather at Grandpa’s house,” but berkumpul is more correct in writing or formal contexts.

Why is it di rumah kakek and not ke rumah kakek?

di = at / in / on (location)
ke = to (movement toward)

The sentence describes where the gathering takes place, not the movement itself:

Kami berkumpul di rumah kakek.
→ We gather at Grandpa’s house.

If you wanted to emphasize going there, you’d use ke:

Kami pergi ke rumah kakek.
→ We go to Grandpa’s house.

Does rumah kakek mean “my grandfather’s house” even though “my” is not written?

Yes, in context it almost always means “my grandfather’s house.”

Indonesian often omits possessive pronouns when the relationship is clear from context. Family terms like ayah (father), ibu (mother), kakek (grandfather), nenek (grandmother) are frequently used without saya/ku but still understood as “my”:

Saya menunggu di rumah kakek.
→ I’m waiting at my grandfather’s house.

If you need to be explicit, you can say:

rumah kakek saya = my grandfather’s house
rumah kakekmu = your grandfather’s house

Can kakek be used as a general word for “grandfather,” or is it always someone specific?

kakek is both:

A general noun = grandfather (a grandpa in general)
A specific family title, usually understood as “my grandfather” when used in a personal context.

In this sentence, with kami and rumah kakek, the natural reading is that kakek is the speaker’s (and family’s) grandfather, not just any grandfather.

Is sarapan a noun (“breakfast”) or a verb (“to have breakfast”)?

Sarapan is used as both a noun and a verb in everyday Indonesian:

Noun:
- Sarapan sudah siap. → Breakfast is ready.
Verb:
- Kami sarapan jam tujuh. → We have breakfast at seven.

In untuk sarapan dan kebersamaan, it functions more like a noun (“for breakfast and togetherness”), but speakers won’t usually think about the category; it’s very flexible.

What does kebersamaan mean? It’s translated as “togetherness,” but what nuance does it have?

Kebersamaan comes from bersama = together, plus ke- -an (a noun-forming affix).

It means:

togetherness
the feeling or state of being together
quality time / shared moments (often with a warm, emotional nuance)

So untuk sarapan dan kebersamaan suggests not just physically being together, but sharing meaningful time and closeness as a family.

Why is untuk used before sarapan dan kebersamaan? Could I leave it out?

untuk = for / in order to.

Here, untuk sarapan dan kebersamaan explains the purpose of the gathering:

We gather for breakfast and togetherness.

You could say simply:

Kami berkumpul di rumah kakek, sarapan dan menikmati kebersamaan.
(We gather at grandpa’s house, have breakfast and enjoy being together.)

But in the original sentence, untuk clearly links the purpose: the reason they gather is for breakfast and togetherness. It’s natural and idiomatic.

Is the comma after Setiap Minggu pagi necessary? Can the time expression go at the end instead?

The comma is natural because Setiap Minggu pagi is a fronted time phrase:

Setiap Minggu pagi, kami berkumpul di rumah kakek…

You can also move the time phrase to the end:

Kami berkumpul di rumah kakek untuk sarapan dan kebersamaan setiap Minggu pagi.

Both are grammatically correct. Fronting the time phrase (and using a comma) emphasizes the routine (“As for every Sunday morning, we…”) and is very common in Indonesian.