Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Dia lelah, sampai-sampai tertidur di kasur tanpa mengganti seprai. - He/She was so tired that he/she fell asleep on the mattress without changing the bedsheet.

"sampai-sampai" is an intensifier meaning "to the point that / so ... that," highlighting an extreme or notable result.
Using just "sampai" is also correct: "Dia lelah sampai tertidur..."—a bit less emphatic.
Alternatives:
- More formal: "hingga" → "Dia lelah hingga tertidur..."
- Pattern: "begitu + ADJ + sehingga + result" → "Dia begitu lelah sehingga tertidur..."
- Colloquial/emphatic: "Saking + ADJ + -nya, ..." → "Saking lelahnya, dia tertidur..."

Why is there a comma before "sampai-sampai"?

It marks a natural pause between the main clause and the result clause; it’s for readability and optional.
Without the comma, the sentence is still correct.

Why use "tertidur" instead of "tidur"?

"tertidur" = "fell asleep / dozed off" (the onset of sleep, often unintentionally).
"tidur" = "to sleep" (the state). After an intensifier of degree, you want the result-onset, so "tertidur" fits better than "tidur."

Can I use "ketiduran" here? How is it different from "tertidur"?

"ketiduran" strongly implies an accidental or unintended falling asleep (e.g., while doing something else).
"tertidur" is neutral or mildly unintended.
Both work in this context; "ketiduran" sounds a bit more colloquial/accidental.

Do I need to repeat the subject: "sampai-sampai dia tertidur"?

Indonesian often drops the repeated subject when it’s obvious. Both are fine:
- "Dia lelah, sampai-sampai tertidur..."
- "Dia lelah, sampai-sampai dia tertidur..." (clearer/emphatic)

"di kasur" vs "di atas kasur" vs "di tempat tidur" vs "di ranjang": what's the difference?

Why "tanpa mengganti" and not "tidak mengganti"?

"tanpa + verb" = "without doing X" (adverbial phrase modifying how the action happened).
"tidak mengganti seprai" = a standalone negation ("did not change the sheets").
Here, we want the manner: "fell asleep without changing..."

Is "seprai" the same as "sprei"? Which is correct?

Both mean "bedsheet."
"seprai" is the standardized spelling (formal). "sprei" is very common in everyday usage.
In formal writing, prefer "seprai"; in speech or casual text, "sprei" is fine.

Do I need "-nya" after "seprai" to mean "the sheets"?

Indonesian usually leaves definiteness to context. Plain "seprai" can mean "the sheet(s)."
To make it explicit:
- "seprainya" = his/her/their sheets (context-dependent possessor).
- "seprai itu" = that/those sheets.
Plural is not marked unless you specify it.

Is "lelah" formal? Can I say "capek" or "letih"?

Could I restructure with "saking" or other patterns?

Yes:
- "Saking lelahnya, dia tertidur di kasur tanpa mengganti seprai."
- "Dia begitu lelah sehingga tertidur di kasur tanpa mengganti seprai."
- "Karena terlalu lelah, dia tertidur..." (cause-focused)

Why is "sampai-sampai" hyphenated?

The hyphen shows reduplication used for emphasis. It’s the recommended form in formal writing.
In informal contexts you may see "sampai sampai" or just "sampai"; "sampai-sampai" looks most polished.

Can "mengganti" be just "ganti"?

In casual speech: yes—"tanpa ganti seprai" is common.
In standard written Indonesian, prefer the transitive meN- form: "mengganti seprai."

Any spelling note about "di" here?

As a preposition (at/on/in), it’s written separately: "di kasur."
As a passive prefix, it attaches to a verb without a space (e.g., "ditidurkan"). Here it’s a preposition, so use a space.

Could I use "ia" instead of "dia"? Any gender nuance?

"dia" and "ia" both mean "he/she"; Indonesian pronouns are gender-neutral.
"ia" is more common in formal writing (especially as a subject). "dia" is neutral and very common in speech.
After prepositions, use the clitic form: e.g., "kepadanya," not "kepada ia."