Geturðu prentað tvö afrit af skjalinu fyrir fundinn?

Geturðu is a very common contracted form of getur þú.

• getur = can / are able to (from geta)
• þú = you (singular)

In everyday Icelandic, þú often gets attached to the verb in questions, so getur þú becomes geturðu. Both are understandable, but geturðu sounds very natural and normal in speech.

Because this is a yes/no question. In Icelandic, just like in English, the finite verb often comes before the subject in that kind of question.

• Statement: Þú getur prentað... = You can print...
• Question: Geturðu prentað...? = Can you print...?

So the verb-first order is completely normal here.

This is a very common learner question. After geta in Icelandic, the next verb is usually in the supine form (called sagnbót in Icelandic), not the plain infinitive.

So:

• dictionary form: prenta = to print
• form used here: prentað

That does not make the sentence past tense. The tense is carried by getur, which is present tense. So Geturðu prentað...? still means Can you print...?

No. Even though -að may look a bit like an English past ending, prentað here is not a past tense verb.

In this sentence:

• getur gives the present-time meaning
• prentað is the verb form used after geta

So the whole sentence is present-time: Can you print... ?, not Could you printed... or anything like that.

Because afrit is a neuter noun, and the number two changes form depending on gender.

For two:

• tveir = masculine
• tvær = feminine
• tvö = neuter

Since afrit is neuter, you say tvö afrit.

Tvö afrit is the direct object of the verb prentað, so it is in the accusative.

But it does not look obviously different because:

• many neuter nouns have the same form in nominative and accusative
• tvö is also the same in nominative and accusative

So the grammar is accusative, even though the words themselves do not change visibly here.

Here it is plural, because tvö tells you there are two of them: two copies.

A tricky point is that afrit often has the same form in singular and plural when indefinite:

• afrit = a copy
• afrit = copies

So the number word is what makes it clear here: tvö afrit = two copies.

Because Icelandic commonly expresses this idea as copy of something with afrit af ...

So:

• afrit = copy
• af = of / from in this structure

Literally, afrit af skjalinu is something like a copy of the document. This is a normal Icelandic pattern.

Skjalinu comes from the noun skjal = document.

It has this form for two reasons:

1. af takes the dative case
2. Icelandic usually adds the as an ending on the noun instead of using a separate word

So:

• skjal = document
• skjalið = the document
• skjalinu = the document in the dative

That is why you get af skjalinu.

Because in this sentence, fyrir takes the accusative, and fundinn is the accusative definite form of fundur = meeting.

So:

• fundur = meeting
• fundinn = the meeting in the accusative

Again, the definite article is attached to the noun, so fundinn already includes the meaning of the meeting.

It can feel a bit like both, depending on context.

In a sentence like this, fyrir fundinn usually means something like:

• for the meeting
• for use at the meeting
• before the meeting / ahead of the meeting

In an office context, the practical meaning is usually that the copies should be ready in time for the meeting.

Yes. Geturðu ... ? is a normal, polite everyday way to make a request, much like English Can you ... ?

It is not extremely formal, but it is perfectly natural.

A few useful points:

• It uses þú, the normal singular you
• Modern Icelandic usually does not rely on a strong formal/informal you distinction in everyday speech the way some other European languages do
• If you want to sound softer or more formal, you could use something like Gætirðu ... ? = Could you ... ?

So this sentence is polite, natural, and common.