Beygingin verður auðveldari þegar við æfum sömu sögnina í þátíð á hverjum degi.

Because Icelandic usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

So:

• beyging = inflection / conjugation
• beygingin = the inflection / the conjugation

In this sentence, Beygingin is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence.

Verður is the present tense of verða, a very common verb meaning become, get, or sometimes will be, depending on context.

Here it means becomes / gets:

• Beygingin verður auðveldari = The conjugation becomes easier

A native English speaker may expect something like is easier, but Icelandic often uses verða when something changes into a new state.

Because auðveldari is the comparative form: easier.

• auðveldur / auðveld / auðvelt = easy
• auðveldari = easier

The sentence is talking about improvement over time, so the comparative makes sense: the conjugation is not just easy, it is getting easier.

Þegar means when and introduces a subordinate clause.

So the structure is:

• Beygingin verður auðveldari = main clause
• þegar við æfum sömu sögnina í þátíð á hverjum degi = when we practice the same verb in the past tense every day

It works very much like English when in this type of sentence.

Við means we, and æfum is the 1st person plural present tense of æfa.

So:

• æfa = to practice
• við æfum = we practice

After þegar, Icelandic needs a full clause with a subject and a finite verb, just like English does in when we practice...

Because sögnina is the direct object of æfum, and æfa takes the accusative case.

Compare:

• sögnin = the verb as subject
• sögnina = the verb as object

So in this sentence:

• við æfum sögnina = we practice the verb

The -na ending shows the accusative singular definite form.

Because sami meaning same has to agree with the noun it describes.

Here it describes sögnina, which is:

• feminine
• singular
• accusative
• definite

That is why the form is sömu:

• sömu sögnina = the same verb

This is a good example of how Icelandic adjectives change form to match the noun.

Þátíð is the noun for past tense, and í þátíð means in the past tense.

This is a standard grammar expression, similar to:

• í nútíð = in the present tense
• í þátíð = in the past tense

English learners sometimes look for a separate word meaning past, but Icelandic often uses a noun phrase like this instead.

Because Icelandic does not always use the definite article in places where English does.

English says:

• in the past tense

But Icelandic naturally says:

• í þátíð

This is common with grammar terms, abstract nouns, and set expressions. So it is best to learn í þátíð as a fixed phrase.

This is a very common Icelandic expression meaning every day.

Literally, it is close to on each day:

• á = on
• hverjum = dative form of hver meaning each / every
• degi = dative singular of dagur

So á hverjum degi is an idiomatic way to say every day.

Yes, it could start with þegar, but then the main clause word order would change because Icelandic is a verb-second language.

Original:

• Beygingin verður auðveldari þegar við æfum sömu sögnina í þátíð á hverjum degi.

Possible reordered version:

• Þegar við æfum sömu sögnina í þátíð á hverjum degi, verður beygingin auðveldari.

Notice that after the opening þegar-clause, the verb verður comes before beygingin. That is a very important Icelandic word-order pattern.

Not necessarily. Beyging can mean inflection more generally, but in this sentence it is naturally understood as the inflection or conjugation pattern being practiced.

Because the sentence mentions sögnina and þátíð, many learners will understand beygingin here as something like the conjugation of the verb.

So the word itself is broader, but the context makes it more specific.