Þýðingin er ekki alltaf orð fyrir orð; stundum þarf ég að skilja merkinguna fyrst.

The -in is the suffixed definite article in Icelandic, so þýðing means translation, while þýðingin means the translation.

This is very common in Icelandic: instead of usually having a separate word for the, Icelandic often attaches it to the noun.

• þýðing = translation
• þýðingin = the translation

Also, þýðing is a feminine noun, and -in is the definite ending here in the nominative singular.

Er means is. It is the 3rd person singular present form of vera (to be).

So:

• Þýðingin er ekki alltaf... = The translation is not always...

It works just like English is in this sentence.

In Icelandic, ekki (not) usually comes before the word or phrase it negates. Here, ekki alltaf means not always.

So:

• er ekki alltaf = is not always

If you tried to say alltaf ekki, it would sound unnatural in normal Icelandic for this meaning.

Yes, it is a fixed expression meaning word for word.

Literally:

• orð = word
• fyrir = for
• orð = word

But as a whole, orð fyrir orð corresponds to English word for word, meaning a very literal translation.

Because this expression is idiomatic. Icelandic often leaves out articles in set phrases like this, just as English says word for word, not the word for the word.

So orð fyrir orð is best learned as a chunk meaning word for word.

Stundum means sometimes.

In this sentence:

• stundum þarf ég... = sometimes I need...

Yes, adverbs like stundum can often move around depending on emphasis and word order, but the version here is very natural. Putting it first gives it some prominence.

This is a very common Icelandic pattern:

• þurfa = to need
• að + infinitive = to + verb

So:

• þarf ég að skilja = I need to understand

Breaking it down:

• þarf = need
• ég = I
• að skilja = to understand

This is just like English need to understand.

This is because Icelandic follows the verb-second rule in main clauses.

After the semicolon, the sentence begins with stundum. When something other than the subject comes first, the finite verb usually comes second, and the subject comes after it.

So:

• Stundum þarf ég...
• literally: Sometimes need I...
• natural English: Sometimes I need...

This word order is very normal in Icelandic.

Here skilja means to understand.

So:

• að skilja merkinguna = to understand the meaning

Be aware that skilja can have other meanings in other contexts, such as separate or leave, but in this sentence it clearly means understand.

Merkinguna means the meaning. It has both:

• the noun merking = meaning
• the suffixed definite article = the
• accusative case marking, because it is the object of skilja

So:

• merking = meaning
• merkingin = the meaning
• merkinguna = the meaning (as a direct object)

Since skilja takes a direct object, Icelandic uses the accusative here.

You know it from both grammar and form.

1. Skilja normally takes a direct object.
2. Direct objects in Icelandic are often in the accusative.
3. The noun form shows it:

For this feminine noun:

• nominative definite: merkingin
• accusative definite: merkinguna

So in að skilja merkinguna, merkinguna is the accusative object of skilja.

Here fyrst means first.

So:

• að skilja merkinguna fyrst = to understand the meaning first

It tells you that understanding the meaning comes before trying to translate more literally.

Putting fyrst at the end is very natural in Icelandic, just like in English:

• I need to understand the meaning first.

Icelandic often places adverbs like this near the end of the clause when they modify the whole action.

The semicolon links two closely related statements:

• Þýðingin er ekki alltaf orð fyrir orð
• stundum þarf ég að skilja merkinguna fyrst

It is similar to saying:

• The translation is not always word for word; sometimes I need to understand the meaning first.

So it shows that the second part explains or supports the first part.

These are two important Icelandic letters:

• þ is like the th in thing
• ð is like the th in this

Examples from the sentence:

• Þýðingin: starts with þ, so the first sound is like th in thing
• orð: ends with ð, like th in this

A rough guide:

• Þýðingin ≈ THEE-thing-in
• orð ≈ something like orth
• fyrir ≈ FI-rihr
• merkinguna ≈ MER-king-oo-na

These are only rough English approximations, but they help with the main consonants.

Yes. It shows an important idea very clearly:

• orð fyrir orð = literal, word-for-word translation
• skilja merkinguna fyrst = understand the meaning first

So the sentence reflects a very natural Icelandic way of talking about translation: sometimes you should focus on the sense first, not on matching each word mechanically.