Í lok tímans gefur kennarinn okkur upplýsingar um næsta texta og nýjan orðaforða.

Because Icelandic often puts a time expression first, just like English can do with At the end of the lesson....

When a different element comes first, Icelandic still keeps the finite verb in the second position. So the structure is:

Í lok tímans + gefur + kennarinn + ...

That is why you get gefur kennarinn, not kennarinn gefur, in this sentence.

This is a very common Icelandic word-order pattern.

Í lok tímans means at the end of the lesson/class.

Breakdown:

• í = in / at
• lok = end, close
• tímans = of the lesson/class

The expression í lok + genitive is a fixed pattern in Icelandic, meaning at the end of ...

So:

• í lok dags = at the end of the day
• í lok tímans = at the end of the lesson

The form tímans is the genitive singular of tími.

This is because of the Icelandic V2 rule: the finite verb usually comes second in the clause.

Since Í lok tímans is in first position, the verb gefur must come next:

• Í lok tímans gefur kennarinn okkur upplýsingar ...

If the sentence started with the subject, then you would get:

• Kennarinn gefur okkur upplýsingar í lok tímans.

Both are possible, but the original sentence puts emphasis on when it happens.

The ending -inn is the definite article attached to the noun.

So:

• kennari = a teacher
• kennarinn = the teacher

In Icelandic, the word the is usually added to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word.

Okkur means to us or us, and here it is in the dative case.

The verb gefa works like this:

• gefa einhverjum eitthvað = give someone something

So:

• kennarinn = the teacher
• okkur = to us
• upplýsingar = information

In other words: The teacher gives us information...

This is a very important pattern to remember with gefa.

In Icelandic, upplýsingar is very commonly used in the plural where English often uses the uncountable noun information.

So although English says:

• information

Icelandic often says:

• upplýsingar

This is normal and idiomatic. You should not try to translate the number directly from English.

In this sentence, upplýsingar is the direct object of gefur, so it is in the accusative plural.

The preposition um often means about, and it takes the accusative case.

So:

• um texta = about a text
• um næsta texta = about the next text

Here, næsta is agreeing with texta, which is masculine singular accusative.

So the whole phrase means:

information about the next text

Because orðaforða is masculine singular accusative, and the adjective must agree with it.

So:

• nýr orðaforði = a new vocabulary list / new vocabulary
• nýjan orðaforða = a new vocabulary list / new vocabulary (accusative)

This happens because um takes the accusative:

• um nýjan orðaforða = about new vocabulary

So the adjective changes form to match the noun.

Good question. The adjectives belong to different types.

• næsti behaves like a weak adjective
• nýr is a regular adjective that here appears in the strong form

So in the accusative masculine singular you get:

• næsta texta
• nýjan orðaforða

You do not need to assume all adjectives will use the same ending in the same sentence. Icelandic adjectives can belong to different declension patterns.

A useful takeaway is to learn næsti as a special common adjective meaning next, and learn its forms separately.

Orðaforða is accusative singular of orðaforði.

It means vocabulary.

In this sentence it appears after um, so it must be in the accusative:

• um orðaforða = about vocabulary
• um nýjan orðaforða = about new vocabulary

Unlike upplýsingar, this word is singular here, much like English vocabulary.

Not exactly in every context.

In Icelandic learning materials, texti often means a text, reading passage, or piece of written material. In a classroom sentence like this, næsta texta probably means the next reading text/passage rather than just the abstract English word text.

So it is related to English text, but the classroom meaning is often more specific.

Yes. Icelandic allows some flexibility, though not completely freely.

For example, you could also say:

• Kennarinn gefur okkur upplýsingar um næsta texta og nýjan orðaforða í lok tímans.

That version starts with the subject instead of the time phrase.

The original sentence sounds natural because it highlights when the teacher gives the information.

So the difference is mostly about focus and sentence flow, not a change in core meaning.

A helpful way to see it is:

Time expression + verb + subject + indirect object + direct object + prepositional phrase

So here:

• Í lok tímans = time expression
• gefur = verb
• kennarinn = subject
• okkur = indirect object
• upplýsingar = direct object
• um næsta texta og nýjan orðaforða = prepositional phrase describing what the information is about

This pattern is very useful for understanding many Icelandic sentences.