Þó að veðrið sé slæmt, förum við samt út.

Þó að is a conjunction meaning although / even though.

It is written as two words because it is a fixed expression made up of:

• þó = though / nevertheless
• að = that

Together, they introduce a subordinate clause:

• Þó að veðrið sé slæmt = Although the weather is bad

In modern Icelandic, learners should treat þó að as one unit in meaning, even though it is written as two separate words.

Because þó að often triggers the subjunctive in Icelandic.

So instead of the normal present-tense form:

• veðrið er slæmt = the weather is bad

you get:

• veðrið sé slæmt

Here, sé is the subjunctive present of vera (to be).

This is very common after conjunctions and expressions involving uncertainty, concession, possibility, reported speech, and similar meanings. In this sentence, although creates that kind of environment, so sé is natural.

Yes. Sé is an important verb form.

It is the 3rd person singular present subjunctive of vera (to be).

So in this sentence:

• veðrið = the weather
• sé = be (subjunctive)
• slæmt = bad

You do need to learn subjunctive forms of very common verbs, especially vera, because they appear frequently in real Icelandic.

Because slæmt has to agree with veðrið.

Veðrið is:

• singular
• neuter
• nominative

So the adjective must also be:

• singular
• neuter
• nominative

That gives:

• slæmur = masculine
• slæm = feminine
• slæmt = neuter

Since veður (weather) is a neuter noun, the correct form is slæmt.

Because veðrið means the weather, while veður means weather in a more indefinite sense.

Icelandic usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun:

• veður = weather
• veðrið = the weather

That -ið is the suffixed definite article for a neuter singular noun.

Förum is the 1st person plural present tense of fara (to go).

So:

• ég fer = I go
• við förum = we go

In the sentence:

• förum við samt út = we still go out

Because of Icelandic word order, the verb comes before the subject here, but förum still means we go.

This happens because Icelandic is a verb-second (V2) language.

When a sentence begins with a subordinate clause like:

• Þó að veðrið sé slæmt

that whole clause takes the first position in the main sentence. Then the finite verb of the main clause comes next:

• Þó að veðrið sé slæmt, förum við samt út.

So the structure is roughly:

1. subordinate clause
2. finite verb
3. subject
4. other elements

If you wrote Þó að veðrið sé slæmt, við förum samt út, that would sound ungrammatical in standard Icelandic.

Samt means still, all the same, or nevertheless.

It adds the idea that the action in the main clause happens despite what was said before:

• Þó að veðrið sé slæmt = although the weather is bad
• förum við samt út = we still go out / we go out anyway

So samt reinforces the contrast already introduced by þó að.

That placement is normal in Icelandic main clauses.

After the verb-second structure puts förum first and við after it, adverbs like samt often come next:

• förum við samt út

This is a natural Icelandic order. English often places still before the main verb, but Icelandic word order works differently.

Út means out / outward, and it is used when there is movement.

Since förum means go, the sentence involves movement:

• förum út = go out

By contrast, úti usually refers to location:

• við erum úti = we are outside

So the difference is roughly:

• út = to the outside, outward movement
• úti = outside, being located outside

Yes, the comma is normal here.

It separates the introductory subordinate clause from the main clause:

• Þó að veðrið sé slæmt, förum við samt út.

This is similar to English punctuation in a sentence like:

• Although the weather is bad, we still go out.

A rough guide:

• Þ is like th in thing
• ð is usually like th in this or a very soft sound
• ó is like o in go, but longer
• æ is roughly like i in fine in many learning approximations, though the real Icelandic sound is more specific

Very rough pronunciation help:

• Þó að ≈ tho ath
• veðrið ≈ VEH-thrith or VEH-thridh
• sé ≈ syeh
• slæmt ≈ something like slime-t with the consonants pronounced clearly

A more important practical point than perfect sound-by-sound imitation is to notice that Icelandic often has:

• clear stress on the first syllable
• distinct vowel length patterns
• crisp consonants

You might hear non-subjunctive forms in some contexts or more relaxed usage, but for standard Icelandic grammar, after þó að the expected form here is:

• Þó að veðrið sé slæmt

So for a learner, the best rule is:

• after þó að, use the subjunctive when appropriate

That makes sé the form you should aim to use.

The pattern is:

• subordinate clause
  • main clause

More specifically:

• Þó að veðrið sé slæmt = subordinate concessive clause
• förum við samt út = main clause

You can think of it as:

• Although X, Y anyway

This is a very useful Icelandic pattern:

• Þó að það sé kalt, förum við samt.
  Although it is cold, we still go.

• Þó að hann sé þreyttur, vinnur hann samt.
  Although he is tired, he still works.

So this sentence is a good model for building many similar sentences.