קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם, כי לא הבנתי אותה.

את marks a definite direct object in Hebrew.

In קראתי את ההוראה, the thing being read is the instruction, and it is definite because of ה־ (the), so Hebrew uses את.

A very common pattern is:

• קראתי ספר = I read a book
• קראתי את הספר = I read the book

So here:

• קראתי = I read
• את ההוראה = the instruction

Both are past tense, first person singular: I did something.

• קראתי = I read
• הבנתי = I understood

The ending ־תי is a very common past-tense ending meaning I.

Examples:

• כתבתי = I wrote
• אמרתי = I said
• למדתי = I studied

So the sentence is describing two past actions:

1. I read the instruction again
2. I did that because I didn’t understand it

Because the verb already tells you the subject.

Both קראתי and הבנתי end in ־תי, which already means I. So אני is unnecessary unless you want extra emphasis.

Compare:

• קראתי את ההוראה = I read the instruction
• אני קראתי את ההוראה = I read the instruction / I was the one who read it

Hebrew often leaves subject pronouns out when the verb makes the subject clear.

אותה means it/her for a feminine singular noun, and it refers back to ההוראה.

Since הוראה is feminine singular, the object pronoun must match it:

• הוראה → feminine singular
• therefore אותה = it

So:

• לא הבנתי אותה = I didn’t understand it

This is very natural Hebrew. English sometimes avoids repeating the object, but Hebrew often uses the pronoun clearly.

Because הוראה is a feminine noun.

Hebrew pronouns agree with the noun they refer to:

• masculine singular: אותו = him/it
• feminine singular: אותה = her/it
• masculine plural: אותם
• feminine plural: אותן

Since הוראה is feminine, Hebrew uses אותה.

Yes, you often can, and the meaning would still be understood from context.

• קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם, כי לא הבנתי.

This can mean I read the instruction again because I didn’t understand. The listener will usually understand that the missing object is the instruction.

But לא הבנתי אותה is more explicit and often sounds more complete, especially in careful or clear speech.

עוד פעם means again or literally one more time.

So:

• קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם = I read the instruction again

Yes, it is very close to שוב.

Compare:

• קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם
• קראתי שוב את ההוראה

Both mean essentially the same thing.

A small nuance:

• עוד פעם often feels a bit more conversational
• שוב can sound a bit more neutral or written

But in everyday Hebrew, both are very common.

כי means because in this sentence.

It introduces the reason:

• קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם = I read the instruction again
• כי לא הבנתי אותה = because I didn’t understand it

So כי connects the action to its cause.

הוראה can mean different things depending on context, including:

• instruction
• direction
• order/command

In this sentence, instruction is the most natural meaning, especially because someone is reading it and trying to understand it.

Also note:

• הוראה = instruction / an instruction
• ההוראה = the instruction

The ה־ at the beginning is the Hebrew word for the.

Because one ה is the definite article the, and the other ה is part of the noun itself.

Break it down:

• הוראה = instruction
• ה־ + הוראה = ההוראה = the instruction

So this is not a special irregular form. It is just:

• ה = the
• הוראה = instruction

Hebrew simply writes both letters.

The given word order is very natural:

• קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם, כי לא הבנתי אותה.

But Hebrew allows some flexibility.

For example, you could also say:

• קראתי עוד פעם את ההוראה, כי לא הבנתי אותה.
• כי לא הבנתי אותה, קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם.

These all mean basically the same thing, but the focus changes slightly.

The original version is probably the most straightforward and neutral for a learner.

That is a good question because the root קרא can mean different things in different contexts, including:

• to read
• to call
• to name

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

Here, the object is ההוראה (the instruction), which is something you read, so קראתי clearly means I read.

If it meant I called, you would expect a different kind of object, for example a person:

• קראתי לו = I called him / called out to him

So context is doing the work here.

A common pronunciation is roughly:

kara-ti et ha-hora-a od pa-am, ki lo hevanti ota

A few notes:

• קראתי = ka-RA-ti
• ההוראה = ha-ho-ra-A
• עוד פעם = od PA-am
• הבנתי = he-VAN-ti
• אותה = o-TA

The stress usually falls near the end of these words.

In standard Hebrew, with a definite direct object like ההוראה, you should use את:

• קראתי את ההוראה

Leaving it out:

• קראתי ההוראה

would sound ungrammatical or at least nonstandard to most speakers.

So this is a rule worth learning well:

• definite direct object → usually use את

The comma separates the main clause from the reason clause:

• קראתי את ההוראה עוד פעם
• כי לא הבנתי אותה

In English, commas before because are less automatic. In Hebrew writing, punctuation can be a bit flexible, but this comma is very normal and helps readability.

So the comma is not changing the grammar much; it is mainly organizing the sentence clearly.