יש לי כאב שיניים, ולכן קבעתי תור לרופא שיניים למחר בבוקר.

Hebrew usually does not use a verb equivalent to English to have in the present tense. Instead, it uses the pattern יש ל....

• יש = there is / there exists
• לי = to me

So יש לי כאב שיניים literally means There is to me a toothache, but in natural English that is simply I have a toothache.

This same pattern is very common:

• יש לי ספר = I have a book
• יש לך זמן? = Do you have time?
• אין לי כסף = I don’t have money

כאב שיניים means toothache.

Literally, it is:

• כאב = pain
• שיניים = teeth

So word-for-word it is pain of teeth or teeth pain.

Hebrew often uses this kind of noun combination instead of a single compound word. Even though English says toothache with tooth in the singular, Hebrew idiomatically says pain of teeth with teeth in the plural.

This is just the normal Hebrew expression, so it is best learned as a set phrase:

• יש לי כאב שיניים = I have a toothache

Hebrew has no indefinite article. In other words, there is no separate word for a or an.

So:

• כאב שיניים can mean a toothache
• רופא שיניים can mean a dentist

If Hebrew wants to say the, it usually adds ה־ to the noun or, in some noun combinations, to the second word.

So the absence of ה־ often means the phrase is indefinite, like a toothache or a dentist.

ולכן means and therefore, and so, or therefore.

It is made of:

• ו־ = and
• לכן = therefore / so

In this sentence, it connects the two ideas:

• יש לי כאב שיניים = I have a toothache
• ולכן קבעתי תור... = and therefore I made/booked an appointment...

So the logic is: I have a toothache, so I booked an appointment.

Yes, literally קבעתי means I fixed / set / established, and תור can mean turn, queue, or appointment slot, depending on context.

In this sentence, קבעתי תור is a very common expression meaning:

• I made an appointment
• I booked an appointment

With doctors, dentists, government offices, and similar situations, תור often refers to your scheduled time slot.

So although the literal meaning may seem strange at first, לקבוע תור is the normal Hebrew phrase for to book/make an appointment.

Because the verb form קבעתי already tells you the subject is I.

The ending ־תי marks first person singular past.

So:

• קבעתי = I set / I booked
• קבעת = you set / you booked (to a man)
• קבעת = you set / you booked (to a woman)
• קבע = he set / he booked
• קבעה = she set / she booked

Hebrew often leaves out subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear. You could say אני קבעתי, but it is usually unnecessary unless you want emphasis.

Here ל־ means something like to or for.

In the phrase קבעתי תור לרופא שיניים, the meaning is: I booked an appointment with/for a dentist.

So לרופא שיניים is the person the appointment is for.

This is a normal Hebrew pattern:

• לקבוע תור לרופא = to book an appointment with a doctor
• לקבוע תור לרופא שיניים = to book an appointment with a dentist

Even though English usually says with a dentist, Hebrew uses ל־ here.

Because רופא שיניים here is indefinite: a dentist, not the dentist.

This is a noun combination often called a construct phrase:

• רופא = doctor
• שיניים = teeth
• רופא שיניים = dentist (literally doctor of teeth)

In this kind of phrase, if it becomes definite, the ה־ usually goes on the second word:

• רופא שיניים = a dentist
• רופא השיניים = the dentist

So in your sentence, לרופא שיניים means with/to a dentist. If you meant a specific dentist already known from the context, you would more likely say לרופא השיניים.

Because the booking happened already, even though the appointment itself is in the future.

So the timeline is:

• Now / already happened: קבעתי תור = I booked an appointment
• Future time of the appointment: למחר בבוקר = for tomorrow morning

English works the same way:

• I booked an appointment for tomorrow morning.

The act of booking is past; the appointment time is future.

למחר בבוקר means for tomorrow morning.

The ל־ here marks the time for which the appointment was scheduled. So:

• קבעתי תור למחר בבוקר = I booked an appointment for tomorrow morning

Without the ל־, מחר בבוקר often simply means tomorrow morning as a time expression:

• אני אלך מחר בבוקר = I’ll go tomorrow morning

With לקבוע תור, adding ל־ is very natural because you are assigning the appointment to a time slot:

• קבעתי תור ליום שני
• קבעתי תור לערב
• קבעתי תור למחר בבוקר

Yes, this word order is completely natural.

The sentence is:

• יש לי כאב שיניים = first idea
• ולכן קבעתי תור לרופא שיניים למחר בבוקר = result

So the structure is basically: I have a toothache, therefore I booked an appointment with a dentist for tomorrow morning.

Hebrew is somewhat flexible with word order, but this version sounds normal and clear. For example, you could also move the time phrase:

• יש לי כאב שיניים, ולכן קבעתי למחר בבוקר תור לרופא שיניים.

But the original sentence is more straightforward and probably the most natural choice for a learner to model.