יש לי עוד שאלה על המסמך.

Literally, יש לי means there is to me.

Hebrew usually does not use a verb equivalent to English to have in the present tense. Instead, it uses:

• יש = there is / there are
• ל־ = to / for
• לי = to me

So:

• יש לי = I have
• יש לך = you have
• יש לו = he has
• יש לה = she has

In this sentence, יש לי עוד שאלה is literally there is to me another question, but in natural English that is simply I have another question.

In the present tense, Hebrew normally expresses possession with יש + ל־ rather than with a verb meaning have.

So English:

• I have a question

becomes Hebrew:

• יש לי שאלה

This is one of the first big structural differences English speakers notice.

In other tenses, Hebrew often uses forms related to היה:

• הייתה לי שאלה = I had a question
• תהיה לי שאלה = I will have a question

But in the present, יש לי is the standard pattern.

Because Hebrew often attaches prepositions to pronoun endings.

Here the preposition is ל־ meaning to or for, and with I / me it becomes:

• ל + י = לי = to me

Other examples:

• לך = to you
• לו = to him
• לה = to her
• לנו = to us

So יש לי is not one indivisible word, but a very common combination:

• יש = there is
• לי = to me

Here עוד means another or one more.

So:

• עוד שאלה = another question / one more question

Depending on context, עוד can also mean:

• more
• still
• yet

Examples:

• אני רוצה עוד קפה = I want more coffee
• אני עוד כאן = I am still here

In your sentence, the meaning is clearly another:

• יש לי עוד שאלה = I have another question

Yes. That is also correct, and it means almost the same thing.

Compare:

• יש לי עוד שאלה על המסמך = I have another question about the document
• יש לי שאלה נוספת על המסמך = I have an additional question about the document

Nuance:

• עוד שאלה sounds very natural and conversational
• שאלה נוספת sounds a little more formal or polished

Both are common. In everyday speech, עוד שאלה is extremely common.

שאלה is a feminine noun in Hebrew.

You can often recognize many feminine nouns by the ending ־ה or ־ת, though not always.

In this sentence, the feminine gender does not change יש, because יש does not agree with gender or number.

But gender would matter if you added adjectives or other words that must agree with שאלה.

For example:

• שאלה טובה = a good question
  because טובה is the feminine form of good

If the noun were masculine:

• מסמך טוב = a good document

So yes, שאלה is feminine, and that matters in agreement elsewhere, even though it does not affect יש.

Yes, על very often means on, but it also commonly means about.

In this sentence:

• על המסמך = about the document

This is very normal Hebrew.

Examples:

• ספר על ירושלים = a book about Jerusalem
• שאלה על השיעור = a question about the lesson
• דיברנו על זה = we talked about it

So על has more than one meaning, just like English prepositions often do.

Because ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, equivalent to English the.

So:

• מסמך = a document
• המסמך = the document

Since the intended meaning is about the document, Hebrew uses the definite form:

• על המסמך

If you said:

• על מסמך

that would sound incomplete or unusual in most contexts, unless you meant something more like about a document in a very general sense.

The word is pronounced roughly ha-mis-mach.

Broken down:

• ה = ha-
• מסמך = mismakh

When saying על המסמך, many speakers pronounce it smoothly as:

• al ha-mismakh

In fast speech, the boundary between the words is less noticeable, but the ה is still there grammatically.

Also note the final sound in מסמך is the Hebrew letter ך, pronounced like the ch in German Bach or Scottish loch, not like English k.

The given order is very natural:

• יש לי עוד שאלה על המסמך

This is the most straightforward way to say it.

Hebrew does allow some flexibility for emphasis, but not every rearrangement sounds equally natural.

For example:

• עוד שאלה יש לי על המסמך can be understood, but it sounds marked or emphatic
• על המסמך יש לי עוד שאלה is possible if you want to emphasize about the document

For a learner, the safest default is:

• יש לי + noun phrase + על...

So stick with יש לי עוד שאלה על המסמך unless you specifically want emphasis.

No. יש stays the same.

That is very useful to know.

Examples:

• יש לי שאלה = I have a question
• יש לי שאלות = I have questions
• יש לי ספר = I have a book
• יש לי מחברות = I have notebooks

The possessed thing can be singular, plural, masculine, or feminine, but יש does not change.

What may change is the noun itself, of course, and sometimes surrounding words.

Yes. It is completely natural and very useful in real life.

You can use it:

• in class
• in a meeting
• in an email
• when asking for clarification

It sounds polite and neutral.

If you want to sound slightly more polite or formal, you could say:

• יש לי עוד שאלה לגבי המסמך = I have another question regarding the document
• יש לי שאלה נוספת על המסמך = I have an additional question about the document

But your original sentence is already perfectly good and natural.

Both can mean about the document, but there is a slight difference in tone.

• על המסמך = about the document
  very common, direct, everyday
• לגבי המסמך = regarding the document
  slightly more formal or administrative

So:

• יש לי עוד שאלה על המסמך sounds natural and conversational
• יש לי עוד שאלה לגבי המסמך sounds a bit more formal

Both are correct. English speakers can think of it roughly as about versus regarding.

A natural pronunciation is roughly:

yesh li od she'elah al ha-mismakh

A few useful notes:

• יש = yesh
• לי = li
• עוד = often like od
• שאלה = she'elah, with a slight break between the two vowels
• על = al
• המסמך = ha-mismakh

The main pronunciation points English speakers often need to watch are:

• שאלה is not one smooth English-style word like shayla in careful pronunciation; it is closer to she-e-LA or she'elah
• מסמך ends with the guttural kh sound
• Hebrew stress is often toward the end of the word, so שאלה is stressed on the last syllable

Even if your pronunciation is not perfect, this sentence will usually be understood very easily.