כשהיא אורזת, היא תמיד שוכחת ספר קטן, אבל הפעם הדרכון כבר במזוודה.

It is כש־ + היא.

• כש־ means when or as/while
• היא means she

So כשהיא means when she. In this sentence, because the sentence describes something she usually does, it can feel like whenever she.

Both are present-tense feminine singular forms, because the subject is היא (she).

• אורזת = packing
• שוכחת = forgetting / forgets

In Hebrew present tense, verbs agree with the subject in gender and number. Since the subject is one female person, the verbs are feminine singular.

Not necessarily. Hebrew present tense can describe:

• something happening right now
• a habit
• a general truth

Here it is clearly habitual, because of תמיד (always) and the clause כשהיא אורזת. So the idea is more like:

• Whenever she packs, she always forgets a small book

not just one action happening at this exact moment.

Hebrew often repeats the subject in a new clause, especially in the present tense.

That is useful because present-tense Hebrew verb forms do not show person clearly. For example, שוכחת could mean:

• I forget (if the speaker is feminine)
• you forget (feminine singular)
• she forgets

So saying היא תמיד שוכחת makes the subject explicit and clear.

Could Hebrew sometimes omit it? Yes, if the context is very clear. But in a sentence like this, repeating היא is very natural.

Because את is used before a definite direct object, and ספר קטן here is indefinite.

• ספר קטן = a small book
• הספר הקטן = the small book

So:

• היא שוכחת ספר קטן = she forgets a small book
• היא שוכחת את הספר הקטן = she forgets the small book

Because הדרכון is not a direct object here.

In the clause הדרכון כבר במזוודה, הדרכון is the subject of the sentence: the passport. The sentence is a verbless present-tense sentence, meaning:

• The passport is already in the suitcase

So there is no reason to use את there.

Because in Hebrew, the verb to be is usually not expressed in the present tense.

So Hebrew often says literally:

• the passport already in the suitcase

where English needs:

• the passport is already in the suitcase

In past or future, Hebrew would use forms of להיות:

• הדרכון היה במזוודה = the passport was in the suitcase
• הדרכון יהיה במזוודה = the passport will be in the suitcase

פעם means time in the sense of occasion.

• פעם = a time / פעם
• הפעם = this time

This is a very common idiomatic use in Hebrew. Even though it literally looks like the time/occasion, in context הפעם usually means this time.

So:

• אבל הפעם... = but this time...

כבר means already.

It adds a contrast with the earlier pattern:

• usually she forgets something
• but this time, the passport is already in the suitcase

So כבר suggests that the passport has been packed ahead of time, and that this is a change from what might normally happen.

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• ספר קטן = a small book
• literally: book small

Also, the adjective must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness

Here:

• ספר is masculine singular
• so the adjective is קטן, also masculine singular

If the noun were definite, both words would be definite:

• הספר הקטן = the small book

It is the preposition ב־ (in) attached to מזוודה (suitcase).

So:

• מזוודה = suitcase
• במזוודה = in a suitcase / in the suitcase

In normal unpointed Hebrew writing, במזוודה can be ambiguous:

• בְּמזוודה = in a suitcase
• בַּמזוודה = in the suitcase

They are written the same without vowel marks. In this sentence, the context probably suggests in the suitcase.

Their dictionary forms are the infinitives:

• אורזת → לארוז = to pack
• שוכחת → לשכוח = to forget

This is useful because Hebrew learners usually look words up by the infinitive, not by the inflected present-tense form.

You would make the object definite:

• כשהיא אורזת, היא תמיד שוכחת את הספר הקטן...

The changes are:

• add את
• change ספר קטן to הספר הקטן

That is because Hebrew marks definite direct objects with את, and the adjective also has to match the noun in definiteness.