Πρέπει να έχει πολλή κίνηση τώρα, γιατί δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα ούτε το λεωφορείο ούτε το τραμ.

In this sentence, πρέπει is being used to express a logical conclusion or probability, not obligation.

• πρέπει να φύγω = I have to leave / I must leave
• πρέπει να έχει πολλή κίνηση = There must be a lot of traffic

So here the speaker is not saying that traffic should exist. They are guessing or inferring that there is a lot of traffic, based on the fact that the bus and tram have not arrived yet.

This is a very common use of πρέπει in Greek:

• Πρέπει να είναι σπίτι. = He/She must be at home.
• Πρέπει να κοιμάται. = He/She must be sleeping.

So in your sentence, πρέπει να έχει πολλή κίνηση τώρα means something like: There must be heavy traffic now.

Because κίνηση is a feminine singular noun, and the adjective must agree with it.

• πολύς = masculine
• πολλή = feminine
• πολύ = neuter

Since κίνηση is feminine:

• πολλή κίνηση = a lot of traffic

Compare:

• πολλός κόσμος = a lot of people / a big crowd
• πολλή δουλειά = a lot of work
• πολύ νερό = a lot of water

So πολύ would be wrong here because it is the neuter form, while κίνηση is feminine.

Here κίνηση means traffic.

The basic meaning of κίνηση is movement, but in everyday Greek it very often means traffic, especially road traffic.

So:

• Έχει κίνηση. = There is traffic.
• Πολλή κίνηση = a lot of traffic / heavy traffic

This is a very common expression in Greek:

• Στον δρόμο έχει πολλή κίνηση. = There is heavy traffic on the road.

So even though the literal sense is related to movement, in this context it is simply the normal word for traffic.

Greek often uses έχει literally meaning it has in places where English uses there is/there are.

So:

• Έχει πολλή κίνηση. = There is a lot of traffic.
• Έχει κόσμο εδώ. = There are people here.
• Δεν έχει νερό. = There is no water.

This is very natural Greek. English and Greek just structure these ideas differently.

So although έχει literally means has, you should understand έχει πολλή κίνηση as an idiomatic way to say: there is heavy traffic.

δεν έχει έρθει is the present perfect in Greek.

It is formed with:

• έχω in the present tense
• • the participle of the main verb

Here:

• έχει = has
• έρθει = participle of έρχομαι (come)

So:

• έχει έρθει = has come
• δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα = has not come yet

This tense is used when the result matters now. In this sentence, the bus/tram still has not arrived, and that current situation helps explain the speaker’s conclusion about traffic.

Both can exist, but δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα is especially natural when focusing on the fact that up to now, the arrival still has not happened.

• δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα = it hasn’t come yet
• δεν ήρθε ακόμα can also be heard, but it sounds less standard in many contexts and is often more regional or colloquial

The perfect tense is very common with ακόμα / ακόμη when talking about something that is still pending.

So the sentence emphasizes: As of now, the bus and the tram still have not arrived.

That is because έρθει is the participle used in the perfect tense.

The verb έρχομαι has some irregular forms:

• present: έρχομαι = I come / I am coming
• simple past: ήρθα = I came
• perfect participle: έρθει = come

So:

• έχω έρθει = I have come
• έχει έρθει = he/she/it has come

This is just something you have to learn as part of the verb’s pattern, because έρχομαι is irregular.

Because with a negative verb, ακόμα often means yet.

• Έχει έρθει ήδη. = He/She has already come.
• Δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα. = He/She hasn’t come yet.

So ακόμα can mean:

• still
• yet
• even

The exact meaning depends on context.

In your sentence, after a negative perfect verb, the natural English equivalent is yet:

• δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα = hasn’t come yet

ούτε ... ούτε ... means neither ... nor ...

So:

• ούτε το λεωφορείο ούτε το τραμ = neither the bus nor the tram

It links two negative alternatives and says that not one and not the other has arrived.

Other examples:

• Δεν θέλω ούτε καφέ ούτε τσάι. = I want neither coffee nor tea.
• Δεν είδα ούτε τη Μαρία ούτε τον Γιάννη. = I saw neither Maria nor Yannis.

It is a very common structure, and it works much like English neither ... nor ..., except Greek often also keeps the normal negative particle δεν with the verb.

Yes, by English logic it may look like a double negative, but in Greek this is completely normal.

Greek commonly uses negative concord, meaning multiple negative words can appear together without canceling each other out.

So:

• δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα ούτε το λεωφορείο ούτε το τραμ means
• neither the bus nor the tram has come yet

You should not think of it as not neither. In Greek, the negatives work together.

This is similar to other Greek patterns:

• Δεν είδα κανέναν. = I didn’t see anyone.
• Δεν έχω τίποτα. = I have nothing.

In English, standard grammar avoids multiple negatives in this way, but in Greek this is standard and correct.

Because each noun normally keeps its own article.

Greek usually says:

• ούτε το λεωφορείο ούτε το τραμ

rather than dropping the second article.

This is very natural and standard. It is similar to saying:

• neither the bus nor the tram

Each item is separately identified.

In some contexts Greek can omit repeated elements, but here repeating the articles sounds most normal.

The verb appears in the singular because the structure is built around ούτε ... ούτε ..., and Greek often uses a singular verb when referring to two singular nouns connected this way, especially when the focus is on each item individually as not having arrived.

So the sentence is treating it like:

• not the bus
• and not the tram

rather than as a plural group.

You may also encounter plural agreement in some situations, especially in less formal speech or depending on emphasis, but the singular here is perfectly natural and very common.

τραμ is a borrowed word meaning tram. In Greek it is treated as a neuter noun, so it takes the article το.

• το τραμ = the tram

Many borrowed or indeclinable nouns are neuter in Greek. τραμ is also often indeclinable, meaning its form usually does not change across cases:

• το τραμ
• του τραμ

So even though it comes from another language, it behaves in a regular enough way for everyday use: it takes a neuter article and is very common in modern Greek.

Greek word order is more flexible than English word order, and adverbs like τώρα can move around depending on emphasis and rhythm.

So:

• Πρέπει να έχει πολλή κίνηση τώρα
• Πρέπει τώρα να έχει πολλή κίνηση
• Τώρα πρέπει να έχει πολλή κίνηση

can all be possible, though they may sound slightly different in emphasis.

In your sentence, τώρα naturally modifies the whole idea: there must be a lot of traffic now.

The chosen placement sounds smooth and idiomatic. It puts the main idea first (there must be a lot of traffic) and then anchors it in time (now).

Yes, in many contexts επειδή and γιατί can both mean because.

So you could say:

• Πρέπει να έχει πολλή κίνηση τώρα, επειδή δεν έχει έρθει ακόμα ούτε το λεωφορείο ούτε το τραμ.

That said, γιατί is very common and natural in everyday speech. It often sounds a bit more conversational.

Very roughly:

• γιατί = very common, everyday because
• επειδή = also because, sometimes a bit more explicitly explanatory or slightly more formal depending on context

In this sentence, γιατί is completely normal.