Τον σέβομαι πολύ, επειδή πάντα δείχνει κατανόηση όταν κάποιος κάνει λάθος.

Τον means him and it is the direct object pronoun in the accusative case.

So in Τον σέβομαι πολύ, the structure is literally:

• Τον = him
• σέβομαι = I respect
• πολύ = very much

Greek very often puts weak object pronouns like τον, τη(ν), το, τους before the verb.
So Τον σέβομαι = I respect him.

You could also say Σέβομαι αυτόν, but that is less neutral and usually more emphatic, like I respect him specifically.

Σέβομαι is the normal modern Greek form of the verb σέβομαι, meaning to respect.

Even though it has the ending -ομαι, which often looks like a passive or middle form, here it has an active meaning:

• σέβομαι = I respect
• σέβεσαι = you respect
• σέβεται = he/she respects

So this is one of those Greek verbs that are deponent-like from an English learner’s point of view: the form looks non-active, but the meaning is active.

Greek usually does not need subject pronouns unless you want emphasis or contrast, because the verb ending already shows the subject.

Here:

• σέβομαι already means I respect
• δείχνει already means he/she/it shows
• κάνει already means he/she/it does/makes

So εγώ is unnecessary unless you want something like:

• Εγώ τον σέβομαι πολύ = I respect him very much
  (possibly contrasting with someone else)

Here πολύ means very much.

So:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ = I respect him very much

In Greek, πολύ is often placed after the verb or at the end of the phrase in this kind of sentence.

This is natural:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ

You may also hear other word orders in Greek, but this one is straightforward and common.

Be careful not to confuse:

• πολύ = much / very
• πολλοί = many (masculine plural)

The comma separates the main clause from the reason clause:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ = main clause
• επειδή πάντα δείχνει κατανόηση... = reason clause

So the sentence means:

• I respect him very much, because he always shows understanding...

In Greek, commas are often used quite regularly before subordinate clauses like this, including ones introduced by επειδή.

Both can mean because, but επειδή is often a bit more neutral, explicit, and standard in written Greek.

So:

• επειδή = because
• γιατί = because / why

In this sentence, επειδή works very naturally because it introduces a clear explanation:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ, επειδή...
  = I respect him very much, because...

If you used γιατί, the meaning would still be understandable and often natural in speech:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ, γιατί πάντα δείχνει κατανόηση...

But επειδή is a very good choice for a learner to recognize as a clear causal conjunction.

Yes, πάντα means always, and its position can sometimes move, but πάντα δείχνει is very natural.

Here it modifies the verb:

• πάντα δείχνει κατανόηση = he always shows understanding

You may sometimes hear other placements depending on emphasis, but the version in the sentence is standard and easy to understand.

Also note:

• πάντα = always
• not to be confused with τα πάντα = everything

Literally, it means shows understanding.

• δείχνει = he/she shows
• κατανόηση = understanding

This is a very common and natural expression in Greek, just as show understanding is natural in English.

So:

• δείχνει κατανόηση = shows understanding / is understanding

Depending on context, English might translate it more idiomatically as:

• is understanding
• shows sympathy
• is compassionate

But grammatically, the Greek is simply show + understanding.

Greek often omits the article with abstract nouns when speaking in a general sense.

So:

• δείχνει κατανόηση = shows understanding
• not necessarily shows the understanding

If you added the article, it would sound more specific:

• δείχνει την κατανόηση = shows the understanding
• which would usually need a more specific context

In this sentence, the general, article-less κατανόηση is the natural choice.

Because this part describes a general repeated situation:

• when someone makes a mistake

In Greek, όταν plus the present tense is commonly used for general or repeated actions:

• όταν κάποιος κάνει λάθος = when someone makes a mistake
• όταν μιλάει = when he/she speaks
• όταν βρέχει = when it rains

So the present tense here does not mean only right now. It can express a habitual or general truth.

Κάποιος here means someone.

It is an indefinite pronoun:

• κάποιος = someone / somebody
• κάτι = something
• κάπου = somewhere

In this sentence:

• όταν κάποιος κάνει λάθος = when someone makes a mistake

It is in the nominative case because it is the subject of κάνει.

Yes, it is a very common fixed expression.

• κάνω λάθος = to make a mistake / to be mistaken

So:

• κάνω λάθος = I make a mistake / I am wrong
• κάνει λάθος = he/she makes a mistake / he/she is wrong

This is one of the most useful everyday Greek expressions.
You will also hear:

• Έκανα λάθος. = I made a mistake.
• Έχεις λάθος. = You are wrong.
  But κάνω λάθος is the core pattern to learn.

Because κάνει λάθος is a fixed expression, and in this expression λάθος normally appears without an article.

So:

• κάνει λάθος = makes a mistake / is wrong

If you said κάνει ένα λάθος, that would mean:

• he/she makes one mistake
• or he/she makes a particular mistake

That is possible in the right context, but the sentence here uses the general idiomatic form.

Grammatically, δείχνει could mean:

• he shows
• she shows
• it shows

But in this sentence, it clearly refers back to the person already mentioned by Τον:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ = I respect him very much
• επειδή πάντα δείχνει κατανόηση... = because he always shows understanding...

Greek often leaves pronouns unstated when the context makes the reference clear.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English, although not every version sounds equally neutral.

The sentence as given is natural and standard:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ, επειδή πάντα δείχνει κατανόηση όταν κάποιος κάνει λάθος.

You might also hear variations for emphasis, such as:

• Τον σέβομαι πολύ γιατί δείχνει πάντα κατανόηση...
• Πολύ τον σέβομαι...
  This sounds more marked or emphatic.

For a learner, the original order is an excellent model:

• object pronoun before the verb
• adverb after the verb
• reason clause after the main clause
• time clause at the end