Αν σκίσεις πάλι το χαρτί, μπορώ να σου δώσω άλλο.

Αν means if.

In this kind of sentence, αν introduces the condition: if you tear the paper again...

Greek does not normally use να after αν. Instead, αν itself is enough to introduce the clause, and the verb appears in the appropriate form on its own:

• αν σκίσεις = if you tear

So even though σκίσεις is the same verb form you see after να, you do not add να here.

Σκίσεις is the aorist subjunctive form of σκίζω.

Here, Greek uses the aorist because the speaker is talking about one complete action:

• αν σκίσεις πάλι το χαρτί = if you tear the paper again (one more time)

If you used σκίζεις, that would sound more like an ongoing or repeated action, depending on context. The aorist is the natural choice when the event is seen as a single whole.

No. In this sentence, σκίσεις is not past.

Greek aorist forms do not automatically mean past time. Here it is an aorist subjunctive, used after αν, so it refers to a possible future action:

• αν σκίσεις = if you tear
• not if you tore

So the aorist here expresses aspect (a single completed event), not past time.

Because Greek often leaves out subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

Σκίσεις already tells you the subject is you singular. So Greek does not need to say εσύ unless there is special emphasis or contrast.

Compare:

• σκίσεις = you tear
• εσύ σκίσεις would sound emphatic, something like you tear

Here πάλι means again.

So:

• σκίσεις πάλι = tear again

In other contexts, πάλι can sometimes have other shades of meaning, such as on the other hand or back again, but here the meaning is simply again.

Το χαρτί means the paper.

Greek uses the definite article very regularly, and here it refers to a specific paper already understood from the situation.

• το χαρτί = the paper
• ένα χαρτί = a paper / one paper

So the sentence is talking about a particular piece of paper, not just any paper in general.

This is the normal Greek way to say I can give you:

• μπορώ = I can
• να δώσω = to give / give

After μπορώ, Greek uses a να-clause:

• μπορώ να φύγω = I can leave
• μπορώ να βοηθήσω = I can help
• μπορώ να σου δώσω άλλο = I can give you another one

So μπορώ να... is a very common pattern.

Δώσω is the aorist subjunctive of δίνω, and it is used here because the giving is seen as one complete action:

• να σου δώσω άλλο = to give you another one / give you another one

That fits the meaning well: the speaker is offering one replacement.

If Greek used a present-form equivalent, it would suggest a more ongoing or repeated action. Here the aorist is the natural choice because the idea is a single act of giving.

Σου means to you.

It is the weak pronoun form used for an indirect object:

• σου δίνω = I give you
• σου λέω = I tell you
• σου δώσω = give you

In Greek, these short object pronouns usually come before the verb in this kind of sentence:

• να σου δώσω
• not να δώσω σου

So σου is both very common and placed exactly where Greek expects it.

Because άλλο here means another one, with the noun understood.

The omitted noun is χαρτί, so Greek does not need to repeat it:

• να σου δώσω άλλο = to give you another one
• more fully: να σου δώσω άλλο χαρτί = to give you another paper

This is very natural in Greek, just as English can say another one without repeating the noun.

Because it agrees with the omitted noun χαρτί.

Χαρτί is neuter singular, so the matching form is άλλο.

That is why Greek uses:

• άλλο for a neuter singular thing like χαρτί

It is also the object of δώσω, but for neuter singular, the nominative and accusative forms are the same, so you still see άλλο.

Greek does not always need θα in the main clause after an if clause.

Here μπορώ να σου δώσω άλλο sounds like a present ability or offer: I can give you another one.

That works naturally in Greek. The idea is:

• If that happens, I’m able/willing to give you another one.

If the speaker wanted to make the future result more explicit, Greek could also use a future form, but the version with μπορώ is perfectly natural and idiomatic.

A helpful breakdown is:

• Αν = if
• σκίσεις = you tear
• πάλι = again
• το χαρτί = the paper
• μπορώ = I can
• να σου δώσω = give to you
• άλλο = another one

So the structure is basically:

If you tear the paper again, I can give you another one.

This is a very typical Greek pattern: αν + aorist subjunctive, then a main clause with μπορώ / θα / present verb, depending on the nuance.