Η ανιψιά μου παίζει στην παιδική χαρά, εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη ή πρέπει να διαβάσει.

Breakdown of Η ανιψιά μου παίζει στην παιδική χαρά, εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη ή πρέπει να διαβάσει.

είμαι
to be
ή
or
να
to
μου
my
σε
at
πρέπει
to have to
παίζω
to play
άρρωστος
sick
διαβάζω
to study
η ανιψιά
the niece
η παιδική χαρά
the playground
εκτός αν
unless
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Questions & Answers about Η ανιψιά μου παίζει στην παιδική χαρά, εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη ή πρέπει να διαβάσει.

What does η mean before ανιψιά, and do I always need it with family members?

Η is the feminine singular definite article in the nominative case; it means the.

  • η ανιψιά = the niece
  • With a possessive like μου, Greek normally still uses the article:
    • η ανιψιά μου = my niece (literally the niece my)

With family members, Greek usually keeps the article:

  • η μητέρα μου (my mother)
  • ο αδερφός μου (my brother)

So η is both grammatically required and completely natural here.

Why is it η ανιψιά μου and not μου ανιψιά like in English (my niece)?

In Greek, unstressed possessive pronouns (my, your, his, etc.) go after the noun and act like clitics:

  • η ανιψιά μου = my niece
  • ο φίλος σου = your friend
  • το σπίτι μας = our house

So the pattern is:

article + noun + possessive pronoun

If you want to emphasize my, you use a different form:

  • η δική μου ανιψιά = my niece (as opposed to someone else’s)

But the neutral, everyday way is η ανιψιά μου.

Is ανιψιά specifically female? How would I say my nephew?

Yes, ανιψιά is feminine and means niece.

  • η ανιψιά μου = my niece

For nephew, you use the masculine form ανιψιός:

  • ο ανιψιός μου = my nephew

Plurals:

  • οι ανιψιές μου = my nieces
  • οι ανιψιοί μου = my nephews / my nieces and nephews
What tense and person is παίζει, and what is the dictionary form?

Παίζει is:

  • Present tense
  • Active voice
  • 3rd person singular (he/she/it plays)

The dictionary form (1st person singular) is:

  • παίζω = I play

So:

  • παίζω = I play
  • παίζεις = you (sg) play
  • παίζει = he/she/it plays

In the sentence, παίζει refers to η ανιψιά μου (my niece).

What exactly is στην in στην παιδική χαρά? Where does it come from?

Στην is a contraction of:

  • σε (in, at, to)
  • την (the, feminine accusative singular)

So:

  • σε + την = στην

Examples:

  • στην παιδική χαρά = at the playground
  • στην πόλη = in the city

Similar contractions:

  • σε + το = στο (στο πάρκο = in/at the park)
  • σε + τον = στον (στον δρόμο = in/on the street)
What does παιδική χαρά literally mean, and is it always playground?

Literally:

  • παιδική = children’s / child-related (feminine form of παιδικός)
  • χαρά = joy

So παιδική χαρά literally means children’s joy, but idiomatically it means playground.

In modern Greek, παιδική χαρά almost always refers to a children’s playground (usually an outdoor public one with swings, slides, etc.).

What does εκτός αν mean, and how is it different from μόνο αν or εκτός από?

Εκτός αν means unless or except if.

  • Παίζει στην παιδική χαρά, εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη.
    = She plays at the playground, unless she is sick.

Differences:

  • εκτός αν = unless / except if
    • introduces an exception condition
  • μόνο αν = only if
    • introduces a strict condition (she plays only if X is true)
  • εκτός από = except for / apart from
    • used with nouns, not with a whole condition
    • εκτός από την Παρασκευή = except for Friday

So here εκτός αν is the correct choice, because you are giving a condition under which the main statement is not true.

Why do we have είναι after εκτός αν and not να είναι?

Εκτός αν is built with αν, which takes a normal finite verb (indicative), not να with the subjunctive.

So you say:

  • εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη = unless she is sick
  • εκτός αν βρέχει = unless it is raining

You would use να if the particle να itself is present:

  • ελπίζω να είναι καλά = I hope (her) to be well

In this sentence, εκτός αν introduces an ordinary condition, so είναι (indicative) is correct.

Why is there no word for she in εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη ή πρέπει να διαβάσει?

Greek is a pro‑drop language: subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, etc.) are usually omitted when the verb form already shows the person and number.

  • είναι can mean he is / she is / it is / they are (depending on context)
  • πρέπει να διαβάσει can mean he/she must study

We understand that she is the subject because:

  1. The subject η ανιψιά μου has already been mentioned.
  2. The most natural reading is that the same person is sick or must study.

You can say εκτός αν αυτή είναι άρρωστη, but that sounds very emphatic or contrastive (as in unless she is the one who is sick), not neutral.

Why is it άρρωστη and not άρρωστο or άρρωστος?

The adjective for sick/ill agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Forms (singular, nominative):

  • Masculine: άρρωστος (for ο ανιψιός – the nephew)
  • Feminine: άρρωστη (for η ανιψιά – the niece)
  • Neuter: άρρωστο (for το παιδί – the child)

Since the subject is η ανιψιά (feminine), you must use the feminine form:

  • η ανιψιά μου είναι άρρωστη = my niece is sick
Why is it πρέπει να διαβάσει and not πρέπει να διαβάζει?

Both are grammatically possible, but they express different aspects:

  • πρέπει να διαβάσει (aorist subjunctive)

    • Focus on the whole action as a unit: she has to do her studying / get it done.
    • Typical when talking about a task or obligation to be completed.
  • πρέπει να διαβάζει (present subjunctive)

    • Focus on the ongoing/habitual nature of the action: she must be studying (right now) / she must study regularly.

In your sentence, we are talking about a specific obligation that stops her from going to the playground, so πρέπει να διαβάσει (get her studying done) is the natural choice.

Does διαβάσει mean read or study here? How do I know?

The verb διαβάζω can mean both:

  • to read (a book, a newspaper, etc.)
  • to study (for school, exams, homework)

Context decides:

  • A child not going to the playground because they πρέπει να διαβάσει strongly suggests has to study / do homework.

If you want to make read explicit, you can add an object:

  • πρέπει να διαβάσει το βιβλίο = she has to read the book
  • πρέπει να διαβάσει για το σχολείο = she has to study for school
Can I put the εκτός αν clause at the beginning of the sentence?

Yes. You can say:

  • Εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη ή πρέπει να διαβάσει, η ανιψιά μου παίζει στην παιδική χαρά.

The meaning is the same: Unless she is sick or has to study, my niece plays at the playground.
Starting with the εκτός αν clause can sound a bit more formal or stylistically marked, but it is correct.

Is the comma before εκτός αν necessary?

In Greek, a comma is normally used before εκτός αν when it introduces a subordinate clause that gives an exception to the main statement:

  • Η ανιψιά μου παίζει στην παιδική χαρά, εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη.

If you put the εκτός αν clause first, you do not put a comma after it:

  • Εκτός αν είναι άρρωστη, η ανιψιά μου παίζει στην παιδική χαρά.

So, in the original word order, the comma before εκτός αν is standard and correct.