Στο τέλος του μαθήματος γράφουμε ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα για όσα μάθαμε.

At the end of the lesson we write a small conclusion about what we learned.

Breakdown of Στο τέλος του μαθήματος γράφουμε ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα για όσα μάθαμε.

• σε: at
• ένα: one
• μικρός: small
• γράφω: to write
• μαθαίνω: to learn
• για: about
• το μάθημα: the lesson
• το τέλος: the end
• το συμπέρασμα: the conclusion
• όσα: what

Questions & Answers about Στο τέλος του μαθήματος γράφουμε ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα για όσα μάθαμε.

What does Στο mean here, and why is it written as one word?

Στο is a contraction of σε + το.

• σε = in / at / on
• το = the (neuter, singular, accusative)

So στο τέλος literally means “in the end” / “at the end”.

In modern Greek, σε + το is almost always written as στο (one word), and it’s pronounced like one word: sto.

Why is it στο τέλος and not something like σε τέλος?

You need the definite article το because τέλος here refers to a specific end: the end of the lesson.

Greek usually uses the definite article where English might drop “the”. So:

• στο τέλος = at the end (specific)
• τέλος on its own is more like just end as a concept.

What case is του μαθήματος, and why is it used?

του μαθήματος is in the genitive case.

• το μάθημα = the lesson (nominative)
• του μαθήματος = of the lesson (genitive)

The genitive is used here because τέλος often takes a genitive to show “the end of something”:

• το τέλος του μαθήματος = the end of the lesson
• το τέλος της ταινίας = the end of the movie

Could I say στο τέλος μάθημα without του?

No. You need the full genitive phrase του μαθήματος.

Saying στο τέλος μάθημα is ungrammatical. To say “at the end of the lesson” in Greek, you must use:

• στο τέλος του μαθήματος

What exactly does γράφουμε mean here? Is it “we write” or “we are writing”?

γράφουμε is present tense, 1st person plural: we write / we are writing.

In this sentence it describes a regular habit or routine:

• Στο τέλος του μαθήματος γράφουμε…
  = At the end of the lesson we (usually) write…

Greek present covers both English simple present and present continuous, so the context decides whether it’s habitual (we write) or happening right now (we are writing). Here it’s clearly habitual.

Why don’t we use the future, like θα γράψουμε?

Θα γράψουμε means we will write (on one specific occasion).

The sentence describes a repeated procedure that happens at the end of lessons in general, so Greek uses the plain present γράφουμε for this habitual action.

• Κάθε μέρα στο τέλος του μαθήματος γράφουμε… = Every day at the end of the lesson we write…

What is the function of ένα in ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα?

Ένα is the indefinite article: a / an.

It agrees with συμπέρασμα in gender, number, and case:

• ένα = a (neuter, singular, accusative)
• μικρό = small (neuter, singular, accusative)
• συμπέρασμα = conclusion (neuter, singular, accusative)

So:

• ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα = a small conclusion

Why is the adjective μικρό placed before the noun συμπέρασμα?

The normal order with an article is:

article + adjective + noun

So:

• ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα
  = a small conclusion

You will most often see adjectives before the noun in this structure. Other examples:

• ένα ενδιαφέρον βιβλίο = an interesting book
• μια δύσκολη άσκηση = a difficult exercise

What does συμπέρασμα mean exactly? Is it more like “conclusion” or “summary”?

Συμπέρασμα mainly means conclusion, especially a logical or final point you reach after thinking, discussing, or learning.

• In this context, ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα is something like a short conclusion / takeaway—what we got out of the lesson.
• A summary is more often περίληψη, which is a shorter retelling of the main points.

So:

• συμπέρασμα = what we conclude
• περίληψη = short restatement / summary

What does για mean in για όσα μάθαμε?

Here για means “about / regarding”.

The pattern is:

• για + accusative = about something

So:

• για όσα μάθαμε = about what we learned / about the things we learned
• για την ιστορία = about the story
• για το μάθημα = about the lesson

What is όσα? It looks like a pronoun but I don’t recognize it.

Όσα is a relative / quantitative pronoun, neuter plural of όσος, -η, -ο.

Here it means roughly “the things that / whatever”:

• για όσα μάθαμε
  = about the things that we learned
  = about what we learned

So όσα stands in for an unspecified set of things. Greek literally says:

a small conclusion about the things (όσα) we learned

Why is όσα in the neuter plural when μάθημα is singular?

Όσα does not refer to μάθημα. It refers to all the things we learned during the lesson (facts, ideas, rules, etc.), which are thought of as a collection of things.

Greek uses the neuter plural to talk about unspecified “things”:

• όσα ξέρω = the things I know / what I know
• όσα είδαμε = the things we saw / what we saw

So:

• όσα μάθαμε = the things we learned (neuter plural, even though English just says what we learned)

What tense is μάθαμε, and why that tense?

Μάθαμε is the aorist (simple past), 1st person plural of μαθαίνω (to learn).

• μάθαμε = we learned

The aorist presents the learning as a completed action, which fits well with the idea that by the time we write the conclusion, the learning for that lesson is already finished.

Compare:

• μαθαίναμε = we were learning (imperfect, ongoing past)
• έχουμε μάθει = we have learned (present perfect)

Here the simple past sense we learned is exactly what we want.

Can I change the word order, for example: Γράφουμε ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα στο τέλος του μαθήματος?

Yes, that word order is perfectly natural:

• Γράφουμε ένα μικρό συμπέρασμα στο τέλος του μαθήματος για όσα μάθαμε.

Greek word order is fairly flexible. The original version

• Στο τέλος του μαθήματος γράφουμε…

just emphasizes the time phrase at the end of the lesson by putting it first. Both versions are correct and common.