Ο ασθενής πήρε το χάπι του και τώρα νιώθει καλύτερα.

Greek usually uses the definite article much more often than English.

• ο ασθενής = the patient
• In a full sentence, Greek normally says Ο ασθενής πήρε... rather than just Ασθενής πήρε...

Also, ασθενής here is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative (because it is the subject of the sentence)

So ο matches the noun grammatically.

Ασθενής means patient in a medical context.

It can also literally relate to someone who is ill or weak, but in everyday Greek, in a sentence like this, it is naturally understood as the patient.

A useful detail:

• ο ασθενής = the male patient
• η ασθενής = the female patient

The noun has the same basic form for masculine and feminine, but the article changes.

Πήρε is the aorist (simple past) of παίρνω = to take / get.

So:

• παίρνω = I take
• πήρε = he/she took

In this sentence, πήρε shows a completed action:

• Ο ασθενής πήρε το χάπι του = The patient took his pill

Greek often uses the aorist for a single finished event in the past.

This is about aspect, which is very important in Greek past tenses.

• πήρε = he took
  → one complete action
• έπαιρνε = he was taking / used to take
  → ongoing, repeated, or background action

Here, the meaning is that the patient took the pill, and then as a result now feels better. So the completed action πήρε is the natural choice.

Το χάπι is the direct object of the verb πήρε, so it is in the accusative case.

• το = neuter singular article
• χάπι = pill

So:

• το χάπι = the pill

A useful thing to notice is that χάπι is a neuter noun, which is why it takes το.

Here του means his.

So:

• το χάπι του = his pill

Greek very often expresses possession with:

• article + noun + weak genitive pronoun

So literally, it is closer to:

• the pill of him

Common forms are:

• μου = my
• σου = your
• του = his
• της = her
• μας = our
• σας = your (plural/formal)
• τους = their

Because in Greek, these short possessive pronouns usually come after the noun.

So Greek says:

• το χάπι του = his pill

not something structured like English his pill.

This post-noun position is very normal in Greek:

• το βιβλίο μου = my book
• ο φίλος της = her friend
• τα κλειδιά μας = our keys

Τώρα means now.

It shows a contrast between:

1. the earlier completed action: πήρε το χάπι του
2. the present result: τώρα νιώθει καλύτερα

So the sentence has a very natural timeline:

• He took his pill,
• and now he feels better.

Νιώθει is the 3rd person singular present of νιώθω or νιώθω/νιώθω → νιώθει in modern usage, meaning to feel.

Here it means:

• he/she feels

So:

• τώρα νιώθει καλύτερα = now he feels better

Greek often drops the subject pronoun, so there is no need to say αυτός (he) unless you want emphasis.

Because Greek is a pro-drop language. The verb ending often already tells you the person and number.

• νιώθει already means he/she feels
• πήρε already means he/she took

Since ο ασθενής has already been mentioned, Greek does not need to repeat he.

Adding αυτός would usually add emphasis or contrast:

• ...και τώρα αυτός νιώθει καλύτερα
  = ...and now he feels better (with extra emphasis)

Καλύτερα here means better in an adverb-like or fixed expression after a verb of feeling.

Greek commonly says:

• νιώθω καλύτερα = I feel better
• είμαι καλύτερα = I am better / I’m feeling better

Even though English uses better too, learners sometimes expect an adjective like καλύτερος. But in this kind of expression, καλύτερα is the natural form.

Compare:

• Είναι καλύτερος άνθρωπος. = He is a better person.
  (καλύτερος = adjective, masculine)
• Νιώθει καλύτερα. = He feels better.
  (καλύτερα = the natural form here)

Yes, και means and.

In this sentence it links:

• Ο ασθενής πήρε το χάπι του and
• τώρα νιώθει καλύτερα

So the structure is:

• The patient took his pill and now feels better.

It sounds very natural in Greek, just as it does in English.

Not completely. Greek word order is more flexible than English, although the original sentence is very natural.

The given order:

• Ο ασθενής πήρε το χάπι του και τώρα νιώθει καλύτερα.

is a neutral, standard way to say it.

You could move some parts for emphasis, for example:

• Τώρα ο ασθενής νιώθει καλύτερα. = Now the patient feels better.
• Το χάπι του πήρε ο ασθενής... = It was his pill that the patient took... (more marked)

So the original sentence is the most straightforward version.

Χάπι specifically means pill/tablet.

It does not mean medicine in general. For medicine more broadly, Greek might use:

• φάρμακο = medicine / drug / medication

So:

• πήρε το χάπι του = he took his pill
• πήρε το φάρμακό του = he took his medicine / medication

Both are possible, but χάπι is more specific.

Grammatically, του can have more than one function in Greek, depending on context, but here it clearly means his.

That is because:

• ο ασθενής is masculine singular
• το χάπι του naturally refers back to the patient

So in this sentence:

• του = his

Context usually makes this clear very quickly in Greek.