Der Psychologe, mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet, erklärt, dass jede Emotion wichtig ist.

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Questions & Answers about Der Psychologe, mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet, erklärt, dass jede Emotion wichtig ist.

Why is it mit dem and not mit den or mit der?

Mit always takes the dative case in German.
We’re talking about der Psychologe (masculine, singular).

Dative singular forms of the definite article:

  • masculine: dem (der → dem)
  • feminine: der (die → der)
  • neuter: dem (das → dem)
  • plural: den (die → den)

Since Psychologe is masculine singular, the dative form must be dem:

  • mit dem Psychologen – with the psychologist

In the sentence, the article is combined with a relative pronoun referring back to der Psychologe, so we see:

  • Der Psychologe, mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet, …

Here, dem is the dative masculine relative pronoun governed by mit.

What exactly is the part mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet doing in the sentence?

Mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet is a relative clause (more precisely: a prepositional relative clause).

  • It starts with the relative pronoun dem, which refers back to der Psychologe.
  • Together with mit, it means “with whom”.
  • The whole clause describes which psychologist we are talking about.

So:

  • Der Psychologe, mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet, …
    = “The psychologist with whom she works …” / “the psychologist she works with”.

In English, we could also say:

  • The psychologist (that / who) she works with …

German uses the explicit mit dem instead of ending the clause with a dangling preposition.

Why is the verb zusammenarbeitet at the very end of mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet?

In German subordinate clauses (including relative clauses), the finite verb goes to the end of the clause.

The relative clause here is:

  • mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet

Structure:

  • mit dem – preposition + relative pronoun
  • sie – subject of the relative clause
  • zusammenarbeitet – the conjugated verb at the end

So the standard pattern is:
[prepositional phrase / objects] + [subject] + [verb (at the end)]

In a main clause, you would say:

  • Sie arbeitet mit dem Psychologen zusammen.

But in the relative clause:

  • … mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet …

Verb goes final because it’s not a main clause.

What is zusammenarbeiten exactly? Is it one word or two, and how does it behave?

Zusammenarbeiten is a separable verb made of:

  • prefix: zusammen
  • verb: arbeiten

In the infinitive and at the end of subordinate clauses, it appears as one word:

  • zusammenarbeiten
  • … dass sie mit ihm zusammenarbeitet.

In main clauses, the prefix usually separates and goes to the end:

  • Sie arbeitet mit dem Psychologen zusammen.
    (verb arbeitet in second position, prefix zusammen at the end)

Meaning: to work together / to collaborate (with someone).

Because it’s a verb that describes collaborating with someone, it typically takes mit + dative:

  • Sie arbeitet mit ihm zusammen.
  • Sie arbeitet mit dem Psychologen zusammen.
Why do we have dass not das before jede Emotion wichtig ist?

Dass (with double s) is a subordinating conjunction meaning “that” (introducing a clause):

  • … erklärt, dass jede Emotion wichtig ist.
    = “…explains that every emotion is important.”

Das (with a single s) is usually:

  • the neuter article: das Buch (the book)
  • or a demonstrative / relative pronoun: Das ist gut. / das, was er sagt

Here, you need the conjunction dass because it introduces a content clause (what he explains).

Tip: If you can replace “that” with “this/that/it” in English, you might need das. If you’re introducing a clause like “that X happens”, you usually need dass.

Why is the word order dass jede Emotion wichtig ist and not dass jede Emotion ist wichtig?

Because dass introduces a subordinate clause, and in subordinate clauses the finite verb goes to the end.

Word order:

  • dass – subordinating conjunction
  • jede Emotion – subject
  • wichtig – predicate adjective
  • ist – finite verb final

So:

  • Main clause: Jede Emotion ist wichtig. (verb in 2nd position)
  • Subordinate clause: … dass jede Emotion wichtig ist. (verb at the end)

Putting ist in the middle (dass jede Emotion ist wichtig) would sound incorrect to native speakers.

Why do we say jede Emotion and not alle Emotionen?

Both are possible in German, but the nuance is slightly different:

  • jede Emotion (singular) = every emotion (individually) is important
    → focuses on each single emotion being important.
  • alle Emotionen (plural) = all emotions (as a group) are important
    → more on the whole set collectively.

In general statements like this, jede + singular is very common:

  • Jeder Mensch macht Fehler. – Every person makes mistakes.
  • Jede Erfahrung zählt. – Every experience counts.
  • Jede Emotion ist wichtig. – Every emotion is important.

You could say … erklärt, dass alle Emotionen wichtig sind, but jede Emotion stresses the individuality more strongly.

Why is Emotion singular when we are talking about all emotions?

German often uses jede + singular noun to make a general statement about all members of a group:

  • Jeder Student muss lernen. – Every student must study.
  • Jede Sprache ist schwierig. – Every language is difficult.
  • Jede Emotion ist wichtig. – Every emotion is important.

So even though conceptually it applies to all emotions, grammatically it’s expressed with a singular:

  • jede Emotion (singular)
    rather than alle Emotionen (plural).

This mirrors English: every emotion is important (not every emotions are important).

Why is there a comma before dass and commas around mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet?

German comma rules around clauses are stricter than in English.

  1. Comma before dass

    Dass introduces a subordinate clause, so you must put a comma before it:

    • … erklärt, dass jede Emotion wichtig ist.
  2. Commas around the relative clause

    Mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet is a relative clause giving extra information about der Psychologe. Such clauses are set off by commas:

    • Der Psychologe, mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet, erklärt, …

So the commas mark where subordinate and relative clauses begin and end.

Why is it Der Psychologe and how would the sentence change if it referred to a woman?

Psychologe is the masculine form: der Psychologe = the (male) psychologist.

For a woman, the usual form is die Psychologin (feminine).

The relative clause must agree in gender and case with the noun it refers to, but its case is also determined by the preposition inside the clause:

  • masculine: der Psychologe, mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet, …
  • feminine: die Psychologin, mit der sie zusammenarbeitet, …

Changes:

  • Article/noun: Der Psychologe → Die Psychologin
  • Relative pronoun: dem → der (dative feminine)
Who does sie refer to here? Could it mean she or they?

In isolation, sie can mean several things in German:

  • sie (lowercase) = she (3rd person singular feminine)
  • sie (lowercase) = they (3rd person plural)
  • Sie (capitalized) = formal you (singular or plural)

In the sentence:

  • Der Psychologe, mit dem sie zusammenarbeitet, erklärt, …

without extra context, sie most naturally reads as “she” or possibly “they”. Usually, learners are told:

  • sie here = she, i.e. the woman who works with him.

There is no formal “you” here because Sie would be capitalized, and also the context (psychologist + works with) tends to suggest a third person, not a direct address.

Why are Psychologe and Emotion capitalized?

In German, all nouns are capitalized, regardless of their position in the sentence.

  • der Psychologe – noun → capitalized
  • jede Emotion – noun → capitalized

This includes abstract nouns (like Emotion, Liebe, Freiheit) as well as concrete ones (like Tisch, Auto).