Learn Hardcore German: Die Lehrerin erklärt alles verständlich, sodass auch neue Leute mitkommen. - The teacher explains everything clearly, so that new people also come along.

Because sodass introduces a subordinate clause (a result clause). In German, subordinate clauses are preceded by a comma. Example: "Es regnete stark, sodass die Straßen überflutet wurden."

Is sodass written as one word or two (so dass)?

Both sodass and so dass are correct today; sodass is the recommended modern spelling. Note: if you use the correlative degree construction, you write so ... , dass ...: "Sie erklärt es so verständlich, dass auch Neue mitkommen."

Why is the verb mitkommen at the very end?

Subordinate clauses in German send the conjugated verb to the end. Here the subordinate clause is "sodass auch neue Leute mitkommen," so mitkommen comes last. In a main clause you’d say: "Auch neue Leute kommen mit."

What does mitkommen mean here?

Not "to physically come along," but "to keep up / follow what's going on." Synonyms in this context: mithalten (können), folgen, den Anschluss behalten, am Ball bleiben. With physical movement you’d say "Kommst du mit?" = "Are you coming along?"

Should it be mitkommen können?

Both are possible, with a nuance:

..., sodass auch neue Leute mitkommen. = as a result, even newcomers actually keep up.
..., sodass auch neue Leute mitkommen können. = the explanation enables them to keep up (focus on ability). In purpose clauses you’ll almost always see können.

Could I use damit instead of sodass?

Yes, but the meaning changes:

sodass expresses a result: the explaining leads to the outcome.
damit expresses intention/purpose: the teacher explains with the goal that newcomers can keep up. So: "..., damit auch neue Leute mitkommen (können)."

What is alles grammatically?

Alles is an indefinite pronoun in the accusative serving as the direct object of erklärt: "She explains everything." Don’t confuse with alle ("all [people/things]" in the plural):

alles = everything (uncountable/collective)
alle = all (countable plural), e.g., "alle Leute"

Why is it neue Leute, not neuen Leute?

Because it’s nominative plural without an article. Adjectives take the strong ending -e: neue Leute (subject of the subordinate clause). Compare:

Nominative plural: neue Leute kommen.
Accusative plural: Ich sehe neue Leute.
Dative plural: mit neuen Leuten.

Is Leute the same as "people/persons"? Could I say Personen or Menschen?

Leute = people (everyday, neutral). No singular form is used.
Personen = persons (more formal/official; used in notices, forms).
Menschen = human beings (more general, sometimes more elevated). You could also use Anfänger, Neulinge, or Neue if you specifically mean newcomers.

What exactly does auch add here, and can I move it?

Auch scopes over what follows it. Here it means "even / also" applied to the subject:

..., sodass auch neue Leute mitkommen. = even newcomers keep up.
..., sodass neue Leute auch mitkommen. = newcomers also keep up (others do, too). To express "even" more strongly, use sogar: "..., sodass sogar neue Leute mitkommen."

Do I need so earlier in the main clause (e.g., so verständlich) when I use sodass?

No. Sodass can introduce a result all by itself: "Er sprach laut, sodass alle ihn hörten." If you want to emphasize degree, you can use the correlative pattern: "so verständlich, dass ..."

Is verständlich an adjective or an adverb here?

It’s an adjective used adverbially to describe the manner of explaining: "explains in an understandable way." German often uses the base adjective as an adverb. Be careful: verständlicherweise means "understandably (for understandable reasons)," which is a different meaning.

Could I say klar or something else instead of verständlich?

Yes. Options include:

klar, einleuchtend, nachvollziehbar, anschaulich, gut verständlich
Paraphrase: "Sie erklärt es so, dass man es versteht." or "Sie macht es verständlich."

Why not "..., sodass auch neue Leute es verstehen"?

That is correct too, but it shifts the focus from "keeping up with the flow of the lesson" (mitkommen) to "understanding the content at that moment" (es verstehen). Mitkommen suggests ongoing ability to follow.

Is the present tense erklärt describing a one-time event or a habit?

German present can do both. In isolation, this reads as a general habit or characteristic: "The teacher explains everything clearly (as a rule)."

Can I change the word order to "Die Lehrerin erklärt verständlich alles"?

It’s possible but sounds marked/awkward. Default is to put the pronominal object alles earlier and the manner adverb later: erklärt alles verständlich. Neutral order in German often goes: subject – finite verb – (objects/pronouns) – manner – place – time.

How does mitkommen behave in different clause types?

It’s separable:

Main clause: "Neue Leute kommen gut mit."
Yes/no question: "Kommen neue Leute mit?"
Imperative: "Kommt mit!"
Subordinate clause: "... dass neue Leute gut mitkommen." (no separation; verb at the end)

Any register or inclusivity notes on Die Lehrerin?

Lehrerin explicitly marks a female teacher. Masculine is der Lehrer. Gender-neutral options include die Lehrkraft or die Lehrperson (especially in formal or inclusive contexts).