Ce matin, la petite a jeté sa tétine sur le sol deux fois.

Ce matin means this morning.

At the start of the sentence, it sets the time for the whole action: the throwing happened this morning.

A small nuance: in a past narrative, ce matin can sometimes be understood as that morning, depending on context. But its literal form is still this morning.

The comma separates the time expression from the rest of the sentence.

So:

Ce matin, la petite a jeté sa tétine sur le sol deux fois.

feels like:

This morning, the little girl threw her pacifier on the floor twice.

The comma is natural here, but in French it is not always absolutely required after a short time phrase. You may also see:

Ce matin la petite a jeté sa tétine sur le sol deux fois.

Both are understandable.

Here, la petite means something like the little girl, the little one, or the little child.

French often uses an adjective like petit/petite as a noun when the context makes the meaning clear. So instead of saying la petite fille, French can simply say la petite.

This is very common in everyday speech.

It comes from an adjective, but here it is functioning as a noun.

Normally:

• une petite fille = a little girl

But here the noun fille is omitted because it is understood:

• la petite = literally the little one, meaning the little girl/child

So in this sentence, petite is being used substantively, meaning it acts like a noun.

Because French commonly uses the passé composé to talk about completed past actions.

The passé composé is formed with:

• an auxiliary verb
• plus a past participle

Here:

• a = the present tense of avoir
• jeté = past participle of jeter

So:

• elle a jeté = she threw / she has thrown

In normal English, she threw is usually the best translation here.

Because jeté is used with avoir, and with avoir the past participle usually does not agree with the subject.

So even though la petite is feminine singular, we still write:

• la petite a jeté

not:

• la petite a jetée

Agreement with avoir only happens in special cases, mainly when a direct object comes before the verb. That does not happen here.

Because the possessive adjective agrees with the thing possessed, not with the owner.

Here:

• tétine is feminine singular
• so the possessive must be sa

That is true whether the owner is male or female.

So:

• sa tétine = his pacifier or her pacifier, depending on context

In this sentence, since la petite is feminine, we naturally understand it as her pacifier.

Tétine usually means pacifier in this kind of sentence.

Depending on region, English equivalents may be:

• pacifier in American English
• dummy in British English

The word can also refer more generally to a rubber teat or nipple in some contexts, but here pacifier is the natural meaning.

Sur le sol literally means onto the floor or on the ground/floor surface.

• sur = on / onto
• le sol = the ground / the floor

French often uses the definite article where English may sound more flexible. Here le sol means the floor/ground in a general sense, not a specific floor that has already been introduced.

So sur le sol is completely normal.

Yes. Par terre is very common and often more idiomatic in everyday speech.

For example:

• La petite a jeté sa tétine par terre deux fois.

This also means she threw her pacifier onto the floor / on the ground twice.

A rough difference:

• sur le sol = a bit more literal or neutral
• par terre = very common everyday way to say on the floor / on the ground

Both are correct, but par terre may sound more conversational.

Deux fois means twice, and placing it at the end is a very natural way to add how many times the action happened.

So the sentence structure is roughly:

• time: Ce matin
• subject: la petite
• verb: a jeté
• object: sa tétine
• place/direction: sur le sol
• frequency: deux fois

Ending with deux fois sounds clear and natural.

Sometimes yes, but the end position is the most natural here.

For example, you might also hear:

• Ce matin, la petite a jeté deux fois sa tétine sur le sol.

This is understandable, but many speakers would prefer the original version because it flows better:

• Ce matin, la petite a jeté sa tétine sur le sol deux fois.

Putting deux fois at the end neatly summarizes the repeated action.

The sentence follows a very common French pattern:

• Ce matin = time
• la petite = subject
• a jeté = verb
• sa tétine = direct object
• sur le sol = place/direction
• deux fois = frequency

So French is organizing the information in a very straightforward way:

This morning, the little one threw her pacifier onto the floor twice.

That makes it a good model sentence for basic French word order in the past tense.