Learn Hardcore French: Sans mes lunettes, je lis mal ce que tu as imprimé. - Without my glasses, I read poorly what you printed.

Because mal is an adverb that modifies the verb lis (read). Mauvais/mauvaise is an adjective and modifies nouns, not verbs, and malement is not used in modern French. Examples:

Je lis mal = I read poorly.
C’est une mauvaise impression = It’s a bad printout.

Can I say je ne lis pas bien instead of je lis mal? Is there a nuance?

Yes. Je ne lis pas bien is a bit softer/less blunt; je lis mal sounds more direct. Both mean “I don’t read it well.”

Why is it ce que and not ce qui?

Use ce que when the pronoun is the direct object of the verb that follows. In ce que tu as imprimé, the thing printed is the object of imprimer. Use ce qui when it’s the subject: Ce qui est imprimé est illisible (“What is printed is unreadable”).

Why is the tense tu as imprimé (passé composé) instead of the present tu imprimes?

Tu as imprimé refers to a completed action (you already printed it). Tu imprimes would mean “what you are (currently) printing.” Choose the tense according to the timeline.

Does the past participle imprimé agree in gender/number with ce que?

No. With avoir, the past participle agrees with a preceding direct object only if that object has clear gender/number. Ce is invariable, so you write ce que tu as imprimé (no extra -e/-s). But with a specific antecedent, agreement applies: les pages que tu as imprimées; la feuille que tu as imprimée.

Can I say Je lis ce que tu as imprimé mal?

Avoid that. It tends to make mal modify imprimé (“what you printed badly”). To say you read badly, keep mal close to lis: Je lis mal ce que tu as imprimé.

Is the comma after Sans mes lunettes necessary?

It’s standard and recommended. It sets off the fronted adverbial phrase. Omitting it isn’t a grammar error, but the comma improves clarity and mirrors the spoken pause.

Can I just say Sans lunettes instead of Sans mes lunettes?

Yes, but the nuance changes:

Sans lunettes = without glasses (generic).
Sans mes lunettes = without my glasses (clearly yours).
Sans les lunettes = without the glasses (a specific pair known in context). Avoid sans des lunettes.

Why is lunettes plural?

Because in French, like in English “glasses,” lunettes is a plural-only noun for spectacles. The singular would refer to a different object (e.g., un monocle).

Can I move Sans mes lunettes to the end: Je lis mal ce que tu as imprimé sans mes lunettes?

Better not. At the end, sans mes lunettes can be read as modifying imprimé (“what you printed without my glasses”), which is odd. Placing it first avoids ambiguity.

Should I use tu or vous here?

Use tu with friends/family/peers; vous for formality or plural. Polite version: Sans mes lunettes, je lis mal ce que vous avez imprimé.

How do I pronounce key parts like je lis, lunettes, and imprimé?

je lis: [ʒə li] (spelled lis, pronounced “lee”; don’t confuse with lit “bed” or “il/elle lit”).
sans: [sɑ̃] (final -s silent).
lunettes: [ly.nɛt] (final -s silent).
ce que: [sə kə] (often the first schwa weakens: [s kə]).
tu as: [ty a] (often flows as one unit; informal contraction: t’as [ta]).
imprimé: [ɛ̃.pʁi.me] (nasal in at the start).

Can tu as contract to t’as?

Yes, in informal speech and casual writing: ce que t’as imprimé. Avoid it in formal writing.

When does ce que become ce qu’?

Before a word starting with a vowel or mute h: ce qu’il a imprimé, ce qu’on a vu. Here it’s ce que tu… because tu starts with a consonant sound.

Is imprimé only a verb form here?

Here it’s a past participle. It can also be:

An adjective: un document imprimé (a printed document).
A noun: un imprimé (a printed form/leaflet).

What are some natural alternatives to express the same idea?

Sans mes lunettes, j’ai du mal à lire ce que tu as imprimé.
Sans mes lunettes, je n’arrive pas à bien lire ce que tu as imprimé.
Sans mes lunettes, je vois mal ce que tu as imprimé.

Could I use dont instead of ce que?

No. Dont replaces an object introduced by de (e.g., ce dont j’ai besoin). Imprimer doesn’t take de, so you use ce que.

Where does mal go with object pronouns or compound tenses?

Simple: Je le lis mal.
Compound: Je l’ai mal lu. Place mal right after the (auxiliary) verb.

How do I say “Without my glasses, I read worse / not as well”?

More idiomatic than plus mal is: Sans mes lunettes, je lis moins bien. (You’ll also hear je lis plus mal, but moins bien is common and clear.)