Syysloma tuntuu lyhyeltä, mutta sen jälkeen jaksan taas paremmin.

Syysloma is a compound noun:

• syys = autumn, fall
• loma = holiday, vacation, break

Finnish very often combines nouns into one word, where English would often use two words. So syysloma literally means autumn holiday or fall break.

This is very common in Finnish:

• kesäloma = summer holiday
• talviloma = winter holiday
• joululoma = Christmas holiday

Tuntuu is the 3rd person singular of tuntua, which means to feel, to seem, or to appear.

In this sentence:

• Syysloma tuntuu lyhyeltä = The autumn holiday feels short / seems short

This verb is often used for how something feels subjectively, not as a physical touch feeling.

Compare:

• Tämä tuntuu vaikealta. = This feels difficult.
• Se tuntuu hyvältä. = That feels good.
• Ajatus tuntuu oudolta. = The idea seems strange.

Because tuntua usually takes an adjective in the ablative case: -lta / -ltä.

So:

• lyhyt = short
• lyhyeltä = short, in the form used after tuntua

This is a very common pattern in Finnish:

• Se tuntuu hyvältä. = It feels good.
• Elämä tuntuu raskaalta. = Life feels heavy.
• Työ tuntuu turhalta. = The work feels pointless.

So Syysloma tuntuu lyhyeltä is the normal grammatical structure.

This is because lyhyt is one of the adjectives whose stem changes when you add endings.

The basic form is:

• lyhyt = short

But the stem used in many inflected forms is:

• lyhye-

So:

• lyhyt
• lyhyen
• lyhyessä
• lyhyeltä

This kind of change is normal in Finnish and just has to be learned as part of the word’s inflection pattern.

Mutta means but.

It connects two ideas:

• Syysloma tuntuu lyhyeltä = The autumn holiday feels short
• mutta sen jälkeen jaksan taas paremmin = but after it I cope better again

So the sentence contrasts two things:

1. the break feels short
2. even so, it still helps

Sen jälkeen means after that or after it.

Here it refers back to syysloma.

Breakdown:

• sen = of that / its / that, the genitive form of se
• jälkeen = after

Together:

• sen jälkeen = after that / after it

Examples:

• Ruokailun jälkeen = after the meal
• Koulun jälkeen = after school
• Sen jälkeen menin kotiin. = After that, I went home.

Because jälkeen normally requires the thing before it to be in the genitive.

So:

• se = that / it
• sen = of that / its

And the fixed pattern is:

• jonkin jälkeen = after something

Examples:

• loman jälkeen = after the holiday
• kurssin jälkeen = after the course
• sen jälkeen = after that

So sen jälkeen is the correct grammatical form.

Jaksan is the 1st person singular of jaksaa.

Jaksaa is a very common Finnish verb, and it can mean things like:

• to have the energy
• to manage
• to cope
• to be able to keep going

In this sentence, it means something like:

• I cope better again
• I have more energy again
• I can manage better again

It often refers to mental, physical, or emotional stamina.

Examples:

• En jaksa tänään. = I don’t have the energy today.
• Jaksatko vielä vähän? = Can you keep going a little longer?
• Nyt jaksan paremmin. = Now I’m coping better.

Because jaksaa and voida are different.

• voida often means can, may, or to be able to
• jaksaa means to have the energy/endurance to do something

So here the idea is not just I can, but more specifically I’m able to cope / I have the strength again.

Compare:

• Voin tulla. = I can come.
• Jaksan tulla. = I have the energy to come.

In your sentence, jaksan fits better because the autumn break restores energy.

Taas usually means again.

Here it suggests a return to a better state:

• jaksan taas paremmin = I cope better again

It implies that before the break, the speaker was more tired or struggling more, and after the break they return to feeling better.

Taas can also sometimes mean on the other hand in other contexts, but here it clearly means again.

Because paremmin is an adverb, while parempi is an adjective.

Here the word describes the verb jaksan:

• How do I cope?
• better

So Finnish uses the adverb:

• hyvin = well
• paremmin = better

Compare:

• Hän laulaa hyvin. = He/she sings well.
• Hän laulaa paremmin. = He/she sings better.

But:

• parempi is an adjective meaning better
• it describes a noun, not a verb

Example:

• Tämä kirja on parempi. = This book is better.

Yes, but the meaning would be a bit different.

• jaksan taas hyvin = I’m doing well again / I have energy again
• jaksan taas paremmin = I’m doing better again

Paremmin suggests comparison:

• better than before
• better than recently
• better than when I was tired

So paremmin is a natural choice if the idea is that the holiday improves the speaker’s condition.

Because Finnish usually does not need subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows the person.

• jaksan already means I cope / I manage

The ending -n tells you it is I.

So:

• jaksan = I cope/manage
• jaksat = you cope/manage
• jaksaa = he/she copes/manages

Finnish often leaves out pronouns like minä, sinä, hän unless they are needed for emphasis or clarity.

Finnish word order is fairly flexible, but this order is natural because it puts the time expression first:

• sen jälkeen = after that
• jaksan taas paremmin = I cope better again

So the structure is roughly:

• After that, I cope better again

You could move things around for emphasis, but this version is straightforward and natural.

For example:

• Sen jälkeen jaksan taas paremmin. = neutral, natural
• Jaksan sen jälkeen taas paremmin. = also possible, slightly different focus

Yes.

In Syysloma tuntuu lyhyeltä:

• syysloma = subject
• tuntuu = verb
• lyhyeltä = adjective complement used with tuntua

So literally the structure is:

• Autumn holiday feels short

This is similar to English in that the thing being talked about is the subject.

Most likely yes, in context.

Finnish has no articles like a or the, so syysloma can mean:

• an autumn holiday
• the autumn holiday
• autumn break

The exact meaning depends on context. In a normal real-life situation, this probably refers to a specific school or work autumn break that both speaker and listener understand from context.