دیروز کلاه جدیدم را پیدا کردم، اما بارانی ام هنوز در ماشین است.

In Persian, possession is often shown with a suffix instead of a separate word like my.

• کلاه = hat
• جدید = new
• ـم = my

So:

• کلاه جدیدم = my new hat

A very important point is that the possessive ending usually attaches to the last word of the noun phrase, not necessarily the main noun. That is why it is:

• کلاه جدیدم not
• کلاهم جدید

So the structure is literally something like:

• hat new-my

but in natural English that becomes my new hat.

را marks the specific direct object of the verb.

In this sentence:

• کلاه جدیدم را پیدا کردم = I found my new hat

Here, کلاه جدیدم is a specific thing: a particular hat belonging to me. Persian often uses را after definite or specific direct objects.

So:

• کتاب را خواندم = I read the/a certain book
• کلاه جدیدم را پیدا کردم = I found my new hat

You can think of را as an object marker, not as a word with a direct English translation.

It is a compound verb, which is extremely common in Persian.

• پیدا = found / visible / discovered
• کردم = I did

Together:

• پیدا کردم = I found

The full infinitive is:

• پیدا کردن = to find

Many Persian verbs are built this way, with a nonverbal element plus a light verb such as کردن.

Other examples:

• تمیز کردن = to clean
• فکر کردن = to think
• باز کردن = to open

So even though it is written as two words, you should learn پیدا کردن as a single vocabulary item meaning to find.

پیدا کردم is in the simple past.

Breakdown:

• کردم = I did / I made

In a compound verb, this gives:

• پیدا کردم = I found

So the clause:

• دیروز کلاه جدیدم را پیدا کردم means
• Yesterday I found my new hat

Because دیروز already means yesterday, the past-time meaning is very clear.

دیروز means yesterday, and Persian often places time expressions near the beginning of the sentence.

So:

• دیروز کلاه جدیدم را پیدا کردم literally follows a pattern like:
• Yesterday my new hat-OBJ found I

This is very natural in Persian. Time words are quite flexible, but putting them first is common and clear.

You could also hear other arrangements in conversation, but this version is completely normal.

Yes. اما means but.

In this sentence:

• اما بارانی‌ام هنوز در ماشین است = but my raincoat is still in the car

You could often replace اما with ولی in everyday speech:

• ولی بارانی‌ام هنوز در ماشین است

Both mean but, though:

• اما can sound a little more formal or written
• ولی is very common in speech

Both are correct.

Here بارانی means raincoat.

Although it comes from the idea of rainy or for rain, in everyday Persian بارانی is a normal noun meaning raincoat.

So:

• بارانی‌ام = my raincoat

This is a good example of a word whose literal feel and dictionary use are not exactly the same. In real usage, Persian speakers commonly use بارانی for a raincoat.

Yes, in standard writing it is usually written:

• بارانی‌ام

That little invisible joiner is called a half-space or zero-width non-joiner.

The ending ـام here means my. So:

• بارانی‌ام = my raincoat

You may see different spellings in casual typing:

• بارانی‌ام — standard and best
• بارانی ام — common in informal typing
• sometimes even other inconsistent spellings online

So the sentence you were given is understandable, but بارانی‌ام is the more standard spelling.

Persian very often uses enclitic possessive endings instead of separate possessive words.

Common endings are:

• ـم = my
• ـت = your
• ـش = his/her
• ـمان = our
• ـتان = your (plural/formal)
• ـشان = their

Examples:

• کتابم = my book
• دوستم = my friend
• بارانی‌ام = my raincoat

So instead of saying a separate word before the noun, Persian usually attaches the possession marker to the noun phrase.

هنوز means still (or in some contexts yet).

In your sentence:

• بارانی‌ام هنوز در ماشین است = My raincoat is still in the car

Its position is fairly natural here, before the prepositional phrase در ماشین.

Persian adverbs like هنوز can sometimes move around a little, but this placement is very common and natural.

Yes. This is a very normal structure.

• در = in
• ماشین = car
• است = is

So:

• در ماشین است = is in the car

The whole clause:

• بارانی‌ام هنوز در ماشین است means
• My raincoat is still in the car

In everyday conversation, people may also use:

• توی ماشین = in the car

So a more conversational version could be:

• بارانی‌ام هنوز توی ماشین است

Both are correct.

Yes, ماشین originally means machine, but in modern Persian it is also a very common word for car.

So in everyday Persian:

• ماشین usually means car, especially from context

In this sentence, در ماشین clearly means in the car, not in the machine.

Context usually makes the meaning obvious.

Persian typically follows subject-object-verb order, and the verb often comes at the end of the clause.

In the first part:

• دیروز کلاه جدیدم را پیدا کردم

The order is roughly:

• Yesterday + my new hat + object marker + found-I

This is very normal Persian structure.

English says:

• I found my new hat yesterday

Persian often puts:

• time first
• object before the verb
• verb at the end

That is one of the biggest word-order differences English speakers need to get used to.

Both است and هست can mean is.

In this sentence:

• بارانی‌ام هنوز در ماشین است

است is perfectly normal, especially in written Persian.

A few useful notes:

• است is common in writing and careful speech
• هست is also common and can sound a bit more conversational or emphatic in some contexts
• in spoken Persian, the copula is often shortened even more

So this sentence could also appear as:

• بارانی‌ام هنوز در ماشین هست

but است is completely correct and standard.

Yes. A more conversational version might be something like:

• دیروز کلاه جدیدم رو پیدا کردم، ولی بارونی‌م هنوز توی ماشینه.

Some common spoken changes are:

• را → رو
• اما → ولی
• بارانی‌ام → بارونی‌م in colloquial pronunciation
• در ماشین → توی ماشین
• است → ـه

But the original sentence is grammatically correct and good standard Persian. It is just a bit more formal/written in style.