Ni atendis ĉe la fenestro, ĝis la pluvo ĉesis kaj la strato denove fariĝis trankvila.

Atendis is the past-tense form of atendi (to wait).

In Esperanto, verb endings show tense very regularly:

• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future

So:

• ni atendas = we are waiting / we wait
• ni atendis = we waited / we were waiting

Here the whole sentence describes a past situation, so atendis is the natural choice.

Usually, no. In Esperanto, subject pronouns are normally stated when needed, because the verb ending does not show person.

For example, atendis could mean:

• I waited
• you waited
• he waited
• she waited
• we waited
• they waited

So Ni atendis clearly means we waited. Without Ni, the subject would be unclear unless context already made it obvious.

Ĉe means something like at, by, or near.
So ĉe la fenestro means at the window or by the window.

By contrast:

• en la fenestro = in the window

That would usually suggest something physically inside the window space, which is not the normal meaning here. If people are standing or waiting beside it, ĉe is the right preposition.

Ĝis means until.

It introduces the point up to which the waiting continued:

• Ni atendis ..., ĝis ...
• We waited ..., until ...

So the sentence means that the waiting lasted up to the moment when two things happened:

1. la pluvo ĉesis = the rain stopped
2. la strato denove fariĝis trankvila = the street became calm again

A useful thing to remember is that ĝis can be followed by:

• a time expression: ĝis morgaŭ = until tomorrow
• a clause: ĝis li venis = until he came

Here it is followed by a clause.

Because ĝis la pluvo ĉesis kaj la strato denove fariĝis trankvila is a subordinate clause.

Esperanto often uses commas to separate the main clause from a following subordinate clause, especially when introduced by words like:

• ke = that
• ĉar = because
• se = if
• kiam = when
• ĝis = until

So the comma helps show the structure clearly:

• main clause: Ni atendis ĉe la fenestro
• subordinate clause: ĝis la pluvo ĉesis kaj la strato denove fariĝis trankvila

Because la pluvo is the subject of ĉesis.

In Esperanto, the accusative -n is used mainly for a direct object. But ĉesi here is intransitive: it means to stop, not to stop something.

So:

• la pluvo ĉesis = the rain stopped

Here the rain is doing the action of stopping, so it stays in the normal subject form, without -n.

Compare:

• Li ĉesis paroli = He stopped speaking
• La bruo ĉesis = The noise stopped

Yes. Ĉesis is the past tense of ĉesi, meaning to stop or to come to an end.

So:

• la pluvo ĉesis = the rain stopped
• literally: the rain ceased

In English, ceased is possible, but stopped is more natural in everyday speech.

Fariĝi means to become, to come to be, or to turn into.

So:

• la strato fariĝis trankvila = the street became calm

This is a very common Esperanto verb. It is built from:

• fari = to do / to make
• fariĝi = to become

The ending -iĝ- often gives the idea of becoming or undergoing a change of state.

Some similar examples:

• laciĝi = to become tired
• mallumiĝi = to get dark
• ruĝiĝi = to blush / become red

So fariĝis trankvila describes a change: the street was not calm before, and then it became calm again.

Because trankvila is a predicate adjective describing the subject la strato.

After verbs like esti (to be), fariĝi (to become), and similar verbs, the adjective agrees with the subject and does not take the accusative -n.

So:

• la strato estas trankvila = the street is calm
• la strato fariĝis trankvila = the street became calm

It is not a direct object. The street did not become a calm thing as an object; rather, calm is the state the street entered.

This is an important pattern in Esperanto:

• subject + linking/change verb + adjective in normal form

Because it describes the street, not the manner of the action.

• trankvila = calm (adjective)
• trankvile = calmly (adverb)

Here the meaning is that the street became calm, so we need the adjective:

• la strato fariĝis trankvila

If you used trankvile, it would mean something like became calmly, which does not fit the sentence.

Denove means again.

So:

• la strato denove fariĝis trankvila = the street became calm again

It shows that the street had been calm before, then the rain disturbed that calm, and afterward it returned to that earlier state.

Its position is flexible, but placing it before fariĝis is very natural.

Compare:

• denove fariĝis trankvila
• fariĝis denove trankvila

Both are possible, though the first is especially common and smooth.

Because la pluvo and la strato are two separate nouns, and each one has its own article.

Esperanto uses la for the, and it does not change for gender, number, or case.

So:

• la pluvo = the rain
• la strato = the street

Even though both nouns are in the same clause after ĝis, each noun still takes its own article if it is definite.

It contains two coordinated clauses joined by kaj (and):

1. la pluvo ĉesis
2. la strato denove fariĝis trankvila

So the structure is:

• ĝis
  • clause 1 + kaj
    • clause 2

This means the waiting continued until that whole situation was true: the rain stopped and the street became calm again.

Sometimes yes, because iĝi can also mean to become. So:

• la strato denove iĝis trankvila

would be understandable.

However, fariĝi is very common and often feels especially natural for become in many contexts. Learners will see both, but fariĝis trankvila is a very standard, idiomatic choice.

Yes. It is a normal and natural way to say wait at/by the window.

The combination works straightforwardly:

• atendi = wait
• ĉe = at / by
• la fenestro = the window

So Ni atendis ĉe la fenestro simply means We waited by the window. Nothing unusual is happening grammatically in that part.