Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston nur se ĝi estas sana.

Adoptos means will adopt.

In Esperanto, verb endings show tense very clearly:

• -as = present tense
• -is = past tense
• -os = future tense
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / wish

So:

• adoptas = adopts / is adopting
• adoptis = adopted
• adoptos = will adopt

The verb form does not change for different subjects, so mi adoptos, ni adoptos, ili adoptos all use the same -os ending.

The -n marks the direct object.

In this sentence, la dorlotbeston is the thing being adopted, so it takes the accusative ending -n:

• Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston. = We will adopt the pet.

This is one of the most important features of Esperanto grammar. The direct object usually gets -n, even if the word order changes.

For example, both of these mean the same thing:

• Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston.
• La dorlotbeston ni adoptos.

The -n helps show that the pet is the object, not the subject.

La means the.

So la dorlotbeston means the pet, referring to a specific pet that both speaker and listener can identify.

If you said just dorlotbeston, it would be more like a pet or some pet, since Esperanto has no separate word for a/an.

Compare:

• Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston. = We will adopt the pet.
• Ni adoptos dorlotbeston. = We will adopt a pet.

So the sentence suggests a particular pet is being discussed.

Dorlotbesto is a compound word, which is very common in Esperanto.

It is made from:

• dorloti = to pet, pamper, cuddle
• besto = animal

So dorlotbesto literally means something like pampered animal or pet animal, which gives the normal meaning pet.

Esperanto often combines ideas into one word instead of using separate words. That is completely normal and very productive in the language.

Nur se means only if.

• se = if
• nur = only

So the sentence means the adoption will happen on one condition and one condition only: the pet must be healthy.

This is a little stronger than just se.

Compare:

• Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston se ĝi estas sana. = We will adopt the pet if it is healthy.
• Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston nur se ĝi estas sana. = We will adopt the pet only if it is healthy.

The second version emphasizes that health is a necessary condition.

Yes. Ĝi can absolutely refer to an animal, especially when the sex is unknown, unimportant, or not being emphasized.

In Esperanto:

• li = he
• ŝi = she
• ĝi = it

For animals, ĝi is very common if you are speaking generally or do not know whether the animal is male or female.

If the pet’s sex were known and relevant, you could also use:

• li for a male animal
• ŝi for a female animal

So ĝi here is natural and neutral.

Because this is a real condition, not a hypothetical one.

• estas = is
• estus = would be

In Esperanto, se by itself does not force the conditional. You use the conditional -us when the situation is imagined, unlikely, or contrary to fact.

Here, the meaning is straightforward:

• We will adopt the pet, but only on the condition that it is healthy.

So estas is normal.

A hypothetical version would look like this:

• Ni adoptus la dorlotbeston, se ĝi estus sana.
• We would adopt the pet if it were healthy.

That means the pet is not healthy, or at least the situation is being presented as unreal or hypothetical.

Sometimes yes, but the meaning shifts a little.

• ĝi estas sana = it is healthy
• ĝi estos sana = it will be healthy

In the given sentence, estas suggests the health condition is being judged as a present or generally relevant fact: we will adopt it only if it is healthy.

If you specifically want to talk about a future state, then estos can make sense:

• Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston nur se ĝi estos sana.
• We will adopt the pet only if it will be healthy / is going to be healthy.

That version points more clearly to the pet’s health at a future time.

So estas is perfectly good here, and probably the most natural default for many learners, but estos may also be possible depending on the intended meaning.

Because sana is a predicate adjective, not a direct object.

After estas, the adjective describes the subject rather than receiving the action:

• ĝi estas sana = it is healthy

The word sana matches ĝi in number, so it stays singular, but it does not take the accusative -n here.

Compare:

• Mi vidas sanan beston. = I see a healthy animal.
  Here sanan describes a direct object, so it takes -n.
• La besto estas sana. = The animal is healthy.
  Here sana is after estas, so no -n.

Yes. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible because endings show grammatical function.

A very natural alternative is:

• Nur se ĝi estas sana, ni adoptos la dorlotbeston.

This means the same thing as the original sentence, but it puts the condition first for emphasis.

The original:

• Ni adoptos la dorlotbeston nur se ĝi estas sana.

Both are correct. The choice depends on style and emphasis more than basic grammar.

Yes, you can.

Esperanto often allows a root to work with different endings. From sana you can form the verb sani, so:

• ĝi estas sana = it is healthy
• ĝi sanas = it is healthy / it is in good health

Both are grammatical. Estas sana may feel more transparent to a beginner because it works like is healthy in English, while sanas is a nice compact Esperanto-style alternative.