Deze korte pauze zorgt ervoor dat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren.

Because pauze is a de-word in Dutch: de pauze.

With de-words, you use:

• deze = this
• die = that

With het-words, you use:

• dit = this
• dat = that

So:

• deze pauze = this pause
• dit boek = this book

Zorgen ervoor dat is a very common Dutch structure meaning to make sure that, to ensure that, or to cause it so that.

In this sentence:

• Deze korte pauze zorgt ervoor dat... means
• This short break ensures that... / This short break makes it so that...

You can think of ervoor as part of a fixed expression here. Dutch often uses this kind of combination with a preposition + er.

Normally, no. Zorgen dat is not the standard form here. The usual expression is:

• ergens voor zorgen dat...
• literally something like to care/provide for it that...
• naturally translated as to ensure that...

So:

• Deze pauze zorgt ervoor dat ik... = correct
• Deze pauze zorgt dat ik... = generally not standard in this meaning

The er in ervoor often refers forward to the dat-clause that follows.

After dat, Dutch uses subordinate clause word order. That means the verbs usually move toward the end.

Main clause:

• Deze korte pauze zorgt ervoor...

Subordinate clause:

• dat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren

Inside that subordinate clause, the order is:

• ik = subject
• mij = reflexive object
• daarna = adverb
• beter = adverb
• kan concentreren = verb group at the end

This is very normal in Dutch:

• Ik weet dat hij morgen komt.
• Ze zegt dat wij harder moeten werken.

Yes, zich concentreren is usually reflexive in Dutch.

The dictionary form is:

• zich concentreren op = to concentrate on

So you get:

• ik concentreer mij
• jij concentreert je
• hij concentreert zich

In your sentence:

• ik mij ... kan concentreren = I can concentrate

In everyday Dutch, many speakers often use me instead of mij in normal speech:

• dat ik me daarna beter kan concentreren

That sounds very natural and is extremely common.

Both can mean myself / me in this kind of reflexive use.

• mij is a bit more formal or careful
• me is more common in everyday spoken Dutch

So both of these are possible:

• dat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren
• dat ik me daarna beter kan concentreren

The sentence with mij is perfectly correct, but many learners will hear me more often in real life.

Because kan concentreren is a two-verb structure:

• kan = finite verb from kunnen = can
• concentreren = infinitive = concentrate

In subordinate clauses, Dutch usually puts the verb cluster at the end:

• ... dat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren

Compare:

• Main clause: Ik kan mij daarna beter concentreren.
• Subordinate clause: ... dat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren.

Daarna means after that or afterwards.

In this sentence, it refers to the time after the short break:

• Deze korte pauze zorgt ervoor dat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren.
• This short break ensures that I can concentrate better afterwards.

So the sequence is:

1. first the pause
2. then better concentration

Beter is the comparative form of goed, just like better is the comparative form of good in English.

So:

• goed = well/good
• beter = better

Here beter modifies concentreren:

• beter concentreren = concentrate better

You would not say meer goed here. Dutch uses beter, just as English uses better, not more good.

Yes, it is a normal adjective + noun combination:

• kort = short
• pauze = pause/break
• korte pauze = short break

The adjective gets an -e ending here because it comes before the noun and the noun is a de-word:

• de korte pauze

This -e ending is very common in Dutch adjectives before nouns:

• de mooie dag
• het kleine huis
• een korte pauze

Not with the same meaning and structure.

• zorgt ervoor dat means ensures that / causes that
• omdat means because

So they express different relationships.

Your sentence:

• Deze korte pauze zorgt ervoor dat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren. = The break causes the better concentration.

If you use omdat, you would get a different idea:

• Ik neem deze korte pauze omdat ik mij daarna beter kan concentreren. = I take this short break because I can concentrate better afterwards.

That means the speaker is explaining the reason for taking the break, not describing what the break causes.

Yes, it is correct and natural.

A very common more conversational version would be:

• Deze korte pauze zorgt ervoor dat ik me daarna beter kan concentreren.

Using me instead of mij makes it sound slightly more everyday, but both versions are fine.