De docent legt uit dat een kleine mislukking geen ramp is.

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Questions & Answers about De docent legt uit dat een kleine mislukking geen ramp is.

What does “legt uit” mean, and why is it written as two words instead of one like in English “explains”?

“legt uit” comes from the Dutch verb uitleggen, which means “to explain”.

  • uitleggen is a separable verb (scheidbaar werkwoord).
  • In the present tense in a main clause, the verb splits:
    • ik leg uit – I explain
    • hij/zij legt uit – he/she explains
    • wij leggen uit – we explain

So:

  • uitleggen → infinitive (dictionary form)
  • legt uit → 3rd person singular present, separated

When the verb goes to the end of the clause, it comes back together:

  • Hij wil het uitleggen. – He wants to explain it.
  • Hij heeft het uitgelegd. – He has explained it.

In your sentence:

  • De docent legt uit = The teacher explains / is explaining
What is the difference between “docent” and “leraar”, and why is it “de docent”?

Both docent and leraar can mean “teacher”, but there are some nuances:

  • docent

    • Often used for teachers at secondary school or university, especially when we think of them as subject lecturers or instructors.
    • Gender: de-woordde docent
    • Feminine version exists but is less common in modern usage: docente
  • leraar / lerares

    • More general “teacher,” often used especially for primary and secondary school.
    • de leraar (male or generic), de lerares (female)
    • Also de-woord.

So De docent legt uit... = The teacher explains..., with a slight flavor of “instructor” or “lecturer.”

What does “dat” do in this sentence?

Here “dat” is a conjunction meaning “that”, introducing a subordinate clause (bijzin).

The structure is:

  • Main clause: De docent legt uit – The teacher explains
  • Subordinate clause introduced by dat: dat een kleine mislukking geen ramp is – that a small failure is not a disaster

So:

  • dat links the explanation to its content.
  • It also triggers different word order in the subordinate clause: the finite verb goes to the end (see the next question).
Why is “is” at the very end: “...geen ramp is” instead of “is geen ramp”?

In Dutch, in a subordinate clause (bijzin) introduced by words like dat, omdat, als, wanneer, terwijl, the finite verb usually goes to the end of the clause.

  • Main clause word order (verb in 2nd position):

    • Een kleine mislukking is geen ramp.
      → “A small failure is not a disaster.”
  • Subordinate clause word order (verb at the end):

    • dat een kleine mislukking geen ramp is
      → “that a small failure is not a disaster.”

So we say:

  • correct: De docent legt uit dat een kleine mislukking geen ramp is.
  • incorrect: De docent legt uit dat een kleine mislukking is geen ramp.
Why is it “geen ramp” and not “niet een ramp”?

Dutch uses geen to negate a noun phrase with an indefinite article (“a/an” in English).

  • geen = no / not any / not a
  • niet = not, used to negate:
    • verbs
    • adjectives
    • adverbs
    • definite noun phrases, etc.

Examples:

  • geen

    • noun:

    • Het is geen ramp – It is not a disaster / no disaster.
    • Ik heb geen auto – I have no car / not a car.
  • niet

    • other parts:

    • Het is *niet belangrijk. – It is *not important.
    • Ik ga *niet. – I am *not going.

“niet een ramp” is technically possible but sounds marked and would usually mean something like:

  • not one disaster (but maybe several)
    or be used for emphasis in a special context. It’s not the normal way to say “not a disaster.”

So the natural form here is:

  • geen ramp = not a disaster
Why is it “een kleine mislukking” and not “een klein mislukking”?

This is about adjective endings in Dutch.

  • mislukking is a de-word: de mislukking
  • For de-words in the singular, after een, the adjective usually gets -e:
    • een kleine mislukking
    • een mooie auto – a nice car
    • een slimme student – a smart student

Compare with het-words:

  • If the noun is a het-word and indefinite singular, the adjective often has no -e:
    • het huis – the house → een klein huis – a small house
    • het boek – the book → een dik boek – a thick book

So:

  • de mislukkingeen kleine mislukking
  • het huiseen klein huis
What exactly does “mislukking” mean here?

mislukking literally means “failure”, “flop,” or “something that didn’t succeed.”

In this sentence:

  • een kleine mislukking = a small failure / a minor failure / a little setback

It’s about some attempt that didn’t work out, but the teacher is saying that such a small failure is not a big deal.

What does “ramp” mean, and is “geen ramp” a common expression?

ramp means “disaster”, “catastrophe.”

  • een ramp – a disaster
  • de ramp – the disaster

The phrase “geen ramp” is very common and usually means:

  • “not a disaster”
  • “not a big deal”
  • “nothing terrible”

So:

  • Dat is geen ramp.
    That’s not a disaster / That’s no big deal.

In your sentence:
“een kleine mislukking geen ramp is” = a small failure is not a disaster / is no big deal.

Can I also say: “De docent legt uit: een kleine mislukking is geen ramp.”? Is that correct, and what’s the difference?

Yes, that is correct, and it sounds natural.

  • De docent legt uit dat een kleine mislukking geen ramp is.

    • Uses dat and a subordinate clause.
    • Feels like reported content: “The teacher explains that...”
  • De docent legt uit: een kleine mislukking is geen ramp.

    • Uses a colon and then a full main clause.
    • Feels more like the teacher is being quoted directly or the explanation is being presented as a statement.

Both are grammatical; the original version is more neutral and common in regular prose.

Why is the Dutch tense “legt uit” translated as either “explains” or “is explaining” in English?

Dutch simple present (legt uit) covers both:

  • English simple present:
    • The teacher explains that...
  • English present continuous:
    • The teacher is explaining that...

In Dutch, you usually just use the basic present:

  • De docent legt uit dat...
    • Depending on context, it can mean:
      • He is explaining (right now), or
      • He explains (in general, habitually).

So, “legt uit” is flexible in translation; English adds aspect (simple vs continuous), but Dutch doesn’t need a separate form here.