Learn Hardcore Dutch: De app vraagt om zijn wachtwoord en om zijn bankpas. - The app asks for his password and for his debit card.

vragen om is a verb–preposition combination meaning “to ask for” (i.e. to request something). Here vragen is used intransitively with om to introduce the thing being requested.

Why is the preposition om necessary before zijn wachtwoord?

In Dutch, when you “ask for” something, you use vragen om + object. Without om, vragen would expect a person as its direct object (for example, Ik vraag je iets “I ask you something”), so om is required to form “ask for.”

Why is om repeated before zijn bankpas? Can I drop the second om?

You can coordinate both objects under a single om:
De app vraagt om zijn wachtwoord en (zijn) bankpas.
Repeating om (…om zijn wachtwoord en om zijn bankpas) is also perfectly fine and can make the structure clearer, especially in speech.

Why is zijn used twice? Can I omit the second zijn before bankpas?

Repeating zijn (“zijn wachtwoord en zijn bankpas”) emphasises that both items belong to him. You may omit the second possessive if the context is clear:
De app vraagt om zijn wachtwoord en bankpas.
Dutch often allows dropping a repeated possessive like this.

Could I replace zijn with haar instead?

Yes. The possessive pronoun agrees with the owner’s gender. If the owner is female, you would say haar wachtwoord en haar bankpas.

Why doesn’t the sentence mention aan de gebruiker (to the user)?

Here de app is the subject doing the asking directly, and the user is implicitly the listener. If you want to specify the user explicitly, you can say:
De app vraagt aan de gebruiker om zijn wachtwoord en bankpas.

Are there synonyms for vragen om in Dutch?

Yes. You can use verzoeken om for a more formal tone:
De app verzoekt u om uw wachtwoord en bankpas.
Another option is om … vragen as in the example, but bevragen is rare and means something slightly different (“to interrogate”).

Is the word order important? Could I say “De app zijn wachtwoord en bankpas om vraagt”?

Word order is important in Dutch main clauses: the finite verb (vraagt) must come second (after the subject). The objects (prepositional phrases) then follow. So you need:
Subject – Verb – (Prepositional) Object
De app – vraagt – om zijn wachtwoord en bankpas.

Can I combine the two objects without repeating zijn and om?

Absolutely. A concise version is:
De app vraagt om zijn wachtwoord en bankpas.
Here one om governs both nouns, and zijn appears only once.