Hvis jeg ikke skynder mig, ender jeg med at komme for sent til mødet.

Because at skynde sig is a reflexive verb in Danish. That means it normally goes together with a reflexive pronoun such as:

• mig = myself
• dig = yourself
• sig = himself/herself/itself
• os = ourselves

So:

• jeg skynder mig = I hurry / I hurry myself
• du skynder dig = you hurry
• han skynder sig = he hurries

In natural English, we usually just say I hurry or I’m hurrying, but in Danish the reflexive pronoun is part of the normal structure.

This is because Danish follows the V2 rule in main clauses. V2 means the finite verb must come in the second position.

The sentence starts with the if-clause:

• Hvis jeg ikke skynder mig

After that comes the main clause:

• ender jeg med at komme for sent til mødet

Since the if-clause takes the first position, the verb in the main clause has to come immediately after it:

• Hvis ..., ender jeg ...

Not:

• Hvis ..., jeg ender ...

This is very common in Danish word order.

Ende med at means to end up doing something.

So:

• ender jeg med at komme for sent = I end up arriving late

It is a very common Danish expression. More examples:

• Han endte med at blive hjemme = He ended up staying home
• Vi ender med at betale for meget = We end up paying too much

So in your sentence, it does not mean simply end in a literal sense. It means that this is the eventual result.

Because the expression is ende med at + infinitive.

Structure:

• ende = to end up
• med at = by / to, as part of this fixed pattern
• komme = come / arrive

So:

• ender med at komme = end up arriving

You should learn ende med at as a whole pattern, because it is idiomatic Danish.

Because after ender med at, Danish uses the infinitive form of the next verb.

The infinitive here is:

• at komme = to come / to arrive

So:

• ender jeg med at komme = I end up arriving

If you said kommer, that would be a finite verb, and it would not fit this structure.

Danish often uses the present tense to talk about the future, especially when the meaning is clear from context.

So:

• Hvis jeg ikke skynder mig, ender jeg med at komme for sent
  can mean
• If I don’t hurry, I’ll end up being late

This is very natural in Danish. English does something similar in some cases too:

• If I don’t leave now, I’m late
• If you don’t hurry, you miss the train

Even though English often prefers will, Danish very often just uses the present tense.

At komme for sent means to arrive late.

Literally:

• komme = come
• for sent = too late / late

But as a set expression, it means to be late for something because you arrive after it should start.

Examples:

• Jeg kom for sent til timen = I was late for class
• Hun kommer altid for sent = She always arrives late

So in this sentence, it means the speaker will arrive too late for the meeting.

In Danish, for sent is the normal expression for too late / late in situations like this.

• Jeg kommer for sent = I’m late
• Toget kom for sent = The train arrived late

The word for often corresponds to too in English, but in this expression it is just the standard way Danish says late in the sense of missing the proper time.

So even though it may feel like too late, in many cases it is simply how Danish expresses late.

Because when you are late for an event, appointment, meeting, class, and so on, Danish often uses til.

So:

• til mødet = for the meeting / to the meeting
• til timen = for class
• til festen = for the party

Examples:

• Jeg kommer for sent til bussen can mean I’m too late for the bus
• Hun kom for sent til interviewet = She was late for the interview

Here mødet is the definite form:

• et møde = a meeting
• mødet = the meeting

Because the sentence refers to a specific meeting, not just any meeting.

• et møde = a meeting
• mødet = the meeting

Danish often uses the definite form when both speaker and listener know which thing is being talked about.

So:

• til mødet = to/for the meeting

If you said til et møde, it would mean to a meeting or for a meeting, with no specific meeting in mind.

Yes, that is possible.

The word så can be added after the if-clause:

• Hvis jeg ikke skynder mig, så ender jeg med at komme for sent til mødet

This can sound slightly more explicit or conversational. In many cases, both versions are natural:

• Hvis ..., ender jeg ...
• Hvis ..., så ender jeg ...

The version without så is also completely correct.

The sentence has two parts:

1. Hvis jeg ikke skynder mig
   = If I don’t hurry

2. ender jeg med at komme for sent til mødet
   = I end up arriving late for the meeting

So the overall structure is:

• Hvis + clause, main clause

More specifically:

• Hvis = if
• jeg = I
• ikke = not
• skynder mig = hurry

Then:

• ender = end up
• jeg = I
• med at komme = by/ending up arriving
• for sent = late
• til mødet = for the meeting

It is a very typical Danish conditional sentence.

Yes. In this sentence, komme is best understood as arrive.

Danish often uses komme in places where English would prefer arrive:

• Jeg kom sent = I arrived late
• Hun kom hjem klokken ti = She arrived home at ten

So in:

• komme for sent til mødet

the most natural English meaning is:

• arrive late for the meeting

not literally come too late to the meeting, even though that is close to the Danish wording.