Min taske er fuld, så jeg tager ikke flere bøger med.

Because taske is a common-gender noun in Danish, an en-word: en taske.

Danish possessives agree with the noun’s gender and number:

• min = for singular common gender nouns
• mit = for singular neuter nouns
• mine = for plural nouns

So:

• min taske = my bag
• mit bord = my table
• mine bøger = my books

After a possessive like min, mit, or mine, the noun stays in the indefinite form.

So Danish says:

• min taske = my bag
  not
• min tasken

This is similar to English: we say my bag, not my the bag.

The possessive already makes the noun definite in meaning, so Danish does not also add the definite ending.

Because fuld is agreeing with taske, which is singular common gender.

Predicative adjectives in Danish change form depending on what they describe:

• common gender singular: fuld
• neuter singular: fuldt
• plural / definite: fulde

Examples:

• Tasken er fuld = The bag is full
• Glasset er fuldt = The glass is full
• Taskerne er fulde = The bags are full

So Min taske er fuld is the correct form.

Yes, you could, but fuld is more natural here.

• fuld = full
• fyldt = filled / filled up

In many situations both are possible, but fuld usually describes the state more simply and naturally:

• Min taske er fuld = My bag is full

Fyldt can sound a bit more like you are focusing on the result of filling it.

So a learner should treat fuld as the most idiomatic choice in this sentence.

Here så means so:

• Min taske er fuld, så jeg tager ikke flere bøger med.
• My bag is full, so I’m not taking any more books.

It connects the first clause and the consequence in the second clause.

Be careful, because så can also mean things like then or therefore in other contexts.

Both can exist in Danish, but they are not exactly the same in structure.

In your sentence, så works as a coordinating conjunction meaning so, and the next clause keeps normal main-clause order:

• så jeg tager ikke flere bøger med

That means:

• jeg = subject
• tager = finite verb
• ikke = negation

If you say Så tager jeg ikke flere bøger med, then så is acting more like a fronted adverb meaning then / so / therefore, and Danish main-clause word order causes inversion:

• Så tager jeg ikke...
• literally: Then take I not...

So the original version is a very natural way to say ..., so I’m not taking...

Because in a normal Danish main clause, ikke usually comes after the finite verb.

So:

• jeg tager ikke flere bøger med

This is standard Danish word order.

A useful contrast:

• main clause: Jeg tager ikke bøger med
• subordinate clause: ... fordi jeg ikke tager bøger med

In the subordinate clause, ikke comes before the verb. But in your sentence, the second part is a main clause, so tager ikke is correct.

Because bøger is a countable plural noun.

In Danish:

• flere = more, with countable things
• mere = more, with uncountable things, adjectives, or adverbs

So:

• flere bøger = more books
• mere vand = more water
• mere interessant = more interesting

Since books can be counted, Danish uses flere.

After flere, you normally use the noun in the indefinite plural:

• flere bøger = more books

You do not say:

• flere bøgerne

That combination is ungrammatical.

If you specifically mean more of the books, then Danish would use a different structure, such as:

• flere af bøgerne

But in your sentence, the simple indefinite plural flere bøger is exactly right.

Because tage med is a verb + particle combination, a lot like an English phrasal verb.

Here:

• tage ... med = take along / bring

When there is an object, Danish often places the object between the main verb and the particle:

• jeg tager flere bøger med

So the order is:

• tager = verb
• flere bøger = object
• med = particle

This is very normal Danish.

Very often, yes.

Danish frequently uses tage med in situations where English would naturally say bring:

• Jeg tager en bog med = I’m bringing a book / I’m taking a book along

So even though tage often means take, the full expression tage med is commonly used in this bring along sense.

That is why jeg tager ikke flere bøger med sounds natural.

Because the sentence has two full clauses:

• Min taske er fuld
• så jeg tager ikke flere bøger med

In standard Danish punctuation, it is normal to separate two main clauses with a comma here.

So the comma helps show the division between:

1. the situation: My bag is full
2. the consequence: so I’m not taking any more books

Because tager is the present tense form, while tage is the infinitive.

• at tage = to take
• jeg tager = I take / I am taking

In Danish, the present tense is usually formed with -r, and it does not change by person:

• jeg tager
• du tager
• han/hun tager
• vi tager

So jeg tager ikke flere bøger med is the correct present-tense form.