Poslední pes čeká u dveří.

Because pes is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative case.

• pes = nominative singular, dog
• psa = usually accusative singular or genitive singular

In Poslední pes čeká u dveří, the dog is the one doing the action of waiting, so nominative is required.

Poslední is an adjective meaning last or final, and it has to agree with pes in:

• gender: masculine animate
• number: singular
• case: nominative

So poslední pes means the last dog.

A useful thing to know: poslední belongs to a type of adjective whose ending is often -í, so this form is normal.

It can mean either, depending on context.

In a simple sentence like this, English speakers will often understand it as:

• the last dog in a group
• the dog at the end
• possibly the final dog

Without more context, Czech does not force only one interpretation here.

Čeká is the 3rd person singular present tense form of čekat (to wait).

So:

• já čekám = I wait / I am waiting
• ty čekáš = you wait
• on/ona/ono čeká = he/she/it waits

Because the subject is pes (dog), which is singular, the verb is singular too: čeká.

Because the preposition u requires the genitive case.

The dictionary form is:

• dveře = door

But after u, it changes to:

• u dveří = at/by the door

So the structure is:

• u
  • genitive

That is why you get u dveří.

Grammatically, dveře is a plural-only noun in Czech.

That means Czech treats door as a plural form, even when English uses a singular noun.

So:

• dveře = door
• u dveří = at the door

This is completely normal in Czech. A few nouns work this way and just have to be learned as plural in form.

Here u means something like:

• at
• by
• near

So čeká u dveří means the dog is waiting at/by the door, not waiting for the door.

This is important because Czech uses different structures:

• čeká u dveří = waits by the door
• čeká na autobus = waits for the bus

So u tells you location, not the thing being awaited.

Czech has no articles like English the or a/an.

So Poslední pes čeká u dveří can naturally mean:

• The last dog is waiting at the door
• or, depending on context, A last dog is waiting at the door

Usually the context tells you which is meant. In many cases, English needs an article, but Czech simply does not use one.

Yes. Czech word order is fairly flexible because the case endings show what each word is doing.

For example, you could also say:

• U dveří čeká poslední pes.

This still means basically the same thing, but the emphasis changes:

• Poslední pes čeká u dveří. → neutral statement
• U dveří čeká poslední pes. → emphasis on at the door

So word order in Czech often affects focus or emphasis more than basic grammar.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

POS-led-nyee pes CHEH-kaa oo DVEH-rzhee

A few important points:

• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word.
• č sounds like ch in church
• á is a long vowel
• ř in dveří is a special Czech sound with no exact English equivalent; it is often described as something between r and zh

You do not need to master ř immediately, but it is good to notice it early.

Yes. Czech present tense often covers both meanings that English separates:

• waits
• is waiting

So Poslední pes čeká u dveří can mean either:

• The last dog waits at the door
• The last dog is waiting at the door

English usually chooses the progressive form here, but Czech does not need a separate form for that.