Promiňte, prosím vás, jede tato loď i k malé pláži u řeky?

This is a polite way to get someone's attention before asking a question.

• Promiňte = Excuse me / Sorry
• prosím vás = literally something like please, but here it also helps make the question polite and respectful

Together, Promiňte, prosím vás sounds very natural in Czech when speaking to a stranger.

Promiňte is the polite or plural imperative form of the verb prominout / promiňte in the sense of forgive me / excuse me.

It is used:

• when speaking politely to one person
• or to more than one person

So if you are talking to a stranger, Promiňte is the normal form.

Compare:

• Promiň = informal singular
• Promiňte = polite singular or plural

In Czech, the verb jet is used for movement by vehicle or means of transport.

So:

• jet = to go by vehicle, ride, travel
• jít = to go on foot

Because a boat is a vehicle, Czech uses jede:

• Loď jede = The boat goes / is going / runs

Even though in English we might say Does this boat go... ?, Czech naturally uses jet here.

Because Czech verbs in the present tense agree mainly with person and number, not grammatical gender.

Loď is:

• 3rd person
• singular

So the verb form is jede.

Examples:

• Vlak jede. = The train is going.
• Loď jede. = The boat is going.
• Auto jede. = The car is going.

Gender does not change the present-tense verb form here.

Tato means this and agrees with the noun loď.

Because loď is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative here

the correct form is tato.

Compare:

• ten vlak = this train / that train (masculine)
• ta loď = this boat / that boat
• tato loď = this boat (slightly more explicit/formal than just ta loď)

In spoken Czech, people often say simply ta loď, but tato loď is perfectly correct.

Here i means also / too / as well.

So:

• jede tato loď i k malé pláži...? = Does this boat also go to the small beach...?

It suggests that the boat may stop at other places too, and the speaker is asking whether it goes to this place as well.

Because the preposition k requires the dative case.

The basic dictionary form is:

• pláž = beach

After k, it becomes:

• k pláži = to/toward the beach

And because there is an adjective too, it must also go into the dative:

• malá pláž → k malé pláži

So:

• k
  • dative
• k malé pláži = to the small beach

Not exactly.

• k usually means to / toward / up to
• do often means into
• na can mean onto / to / on, depending on the noun

In this sentence, k malé pláži suggests movement toward / to the area of the beach, which fits the idea of a boat route or stop.

So jede k pláži is natural for goes to the beach in this kind of transport context.

The preposition u means by / near / next to and it requires the genitive case.

The basic form is:

• řeka = river

After u, it becomes:

• u řeky = by the river / near the river

So:

• malá pláž u řeky = the small beach by the river

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English word order, although not completely free.

The sentence

• Promiňte, prosím vás, jede tato loď i k malé pláži u řeky?

is natural and clear.

Other possible word orders might exist, but they may shift emphasis. For example:

• Jede tato loď i k malé pláži u řeky?
• Jede i tato loď k malé pláži u řeky?
  This would emphasize this boat too

In your sentence, i most naturally means also to that beach.

Yes. In Czech, yes/no questions are often shown mainly by:

• intonation in speech
• the question mark in writing
• context

So Jede tato loď...? is a normal yes/no question.

Czech does not need an auxiliary like English does:

• English: Does this boat go...?
• Czech: Jede tato loď...?

Because Czech does not form present-tense questions with a helping verb like English do/does.

The verb itself carries the meaning:

• jede can mean goes / is going
• jede? can mean does it go? / is it going?

This is very common in Czech:

• Máte čas? = Do you have time?
• Rozumíte? = Do you understand?
• Jede loď k pláži? = Does the boat go to the beach?

Mostly yes, but the final letter ď is important.

• loď is pronounced approximately like loď with a soft d sound
• the ď is a palatalized consonant, softer than ordinary d

Also:

• pláži has a long á
• řeky contains ř, the famous Czech sound, which is difficult for many learners

A rough learner-friendly pronunciation might be:

• PROMI-nyte, PRO-seem vaas, YE-de TA-to loty i k MA-leh PLA-zhi oo RZHE-ki?

That is only approximate, but it may help at first.

Yes, it is natural and polite.

It sounds like something you might ask:

• at a dock
• on a ferry
• during a tourist boat trip

If spoken casually, a native speaker might also say something slightly simpler, for example:

• Promiňte, jede tahle loď i k té malé pláži u řeky?

But your sentence is fully correct and natural.