Můj syn nemá rád mrkev, ale s těstovinami a omáčkou ji jí.

Because můj has to agree with syn.

• syn is masculine singular nominative
• so the possessive adjective must also be masculine singular nominative: můj

Compare:

• můj syn = my son
• moje dcera = my daughter
• moje dítě = my child

So moje syn would be incorrect agreement.

Mít rád is a very common Czech expression meaning to like.

So:

• má rád = likes
• nemá rád = does not like

You should learn mít rád as a unit, not word by word.

It is different from líbit se, which means something more like to be pleasing / to appeal to. For example:

• Mám rád mrkev. = I like carrots.
• Mrkev se mi líbí. would sound more like Carrots appeal to me / I find carrots pleasing, which is not the usual way to talk about food preferences.

In mít rád, the word rád changes to match the subject.

Because the subject is můj syn = my son, the form is masculine:

• on má rád = he likes
• ona má ráda = she likes

So here:

• Můj syn nemá rád... is correct
• Můj syn nemá ráda... would be wrong

Because Czech has no articles.

There is no exact Czech equivalent of English a/an/the used in ordinary sentences. Whether something is definite or indefinite is usually understood from context.

So Czech simply says:

• můj syn
• mrkev
• s těstovinami a omáčkou

without any article words.

Czech often uses the singular when talking about a food or ingredient in a general sense.

So mrkev here means carrot as a type of food, not necessarily one single carrot.

This is very natural in Czech, similar to:

• Nemám rád cibuli. = I don’t like onions.
• Jí rýži. = He eats rice.

English often uses a plural where Czech uses a singular general noun.

It is a direct object, so it is in the accusative, but for this noun the nominative and accusative singular are the same:

• nominative: mrkev
• accusative: mrkev

That can surprise learners, because many feminine nouns do change in the accusative, for example:

• polévka → polévku
• omáčka → omáčku

But mrkev belongs to a different feminine pattern, so its accusative singular stays mrkev.

Ji means it here, and it refers back to mrkev.

So the second clause literally works like:

• ji jí = he eats it

Because mrkev is feminine singular, the pronoun used for it in the accusative is ji.

Without ji, the sentence would lose the idea of he eats the carrot specifically. Jí by itself would just mean he eats in a more general sense.

They are two different words:

• ji = it / her (object pronoun)
• jí = he eats (verb form from jíst)

So:

• ji refers to mrkev
• jí tells you what the son does

The accent mark matters. In this sentence, the final jí is the verb, not a pronoun.

Because the preposition s meaning with takes the instrumental case.

So:

• s těstovinami = with pasta
• s omáčkou = with sauce

The base forms are:

• těstoviny → těstovinami (instrumental plural)
• omáčka → omáčkou (instrumental singular)

This is one of the most important preposition + case combinations to learn:

• s + instrumental = with

Because těstoviny is normally a plural noun in Czech, even when English just says pasta.

So the dictionary form is:

• těstoviny = pasta

And after s, it becomes instrumental plural:

• s těstovinami = with pasta

This is just how Czech normally talks about pasta as a food category.

Czech word order is much more flexible than English word order.

Here, putting s těstovinami a omáčkou near the front emphasizes the idea:

• he does eat it — but with pasta and sauce

So the sentence highlights the condition or accompaniment first.

A more neutral order could also be:

• ale ji jí s těstovinami a omáčkou

The original version sounds natural and gives extra focus to with pasta and sauce.

Because Czech often leaves out subject pronouns and repeated subjects when they are already clear from context.

After Můj syn..., the reader already knows who the subject is. The verb form jí is also 3rd person singular, so it fits he eats.

So Czech does not need to repeat:

• on
• or můj syn

unless the speaker wants extra emphasis.