Soubor ti pošlu e-mailem večer, protože teď nemám čas.

Pošlu is the 1st person singular future form of poslat (to send).

A very important point is that poslat is a perfective verb. In Czech, perfective verbs usually express a completed whole action, and their “present-tense” forms actually refer to the future.

So:

• pošlu = I will send
• not I send in the present sense

That is why Soubor ti pošlu... means I’ll send you the file...

Compare:

• posílat = imperfective, repeated/ongoing sending
• poslat = perfective, one completed sending action

So if you want to say I’ll send it (once, as a complete action), pošlu is exactly the right form.

Ti means to you / for you and it is in the dative case.

In the sentence:

• Soubor = the file
• ti = to you
• pošlu = I will send

So literally, the structure is:

• I will send the file to you

Czech often uses a short unstressed form here:

• ti = short form
• tobě = full/stressed form

So:

• Soubor ti pošlu. = neutral, normal
• Soubor pošlu tobě. = more emphatic, like I’ll send the file to you

A native English speaker often wants to translate every to, but in Czech the dative ending/function already expresses that idea.

Yes. Soubor is the direct object of pošlu, so it is in the accusative case.

The noun soubor is masculine inanimate. For many masculine inanimate nouns, the nominative and accusative singular look the same.

So:

• nominative: soubor
• accusative: soubor

That is why the form does not change here.

In the sentence:

• Soubor ti pošlu = I’ll send you the file

Even though the form looks unchanged, grammatically it is functioning as the accusative object.

E-mailem is the instrumental case of e-mail, and here it means by e-mail / via email.

Czech often uses the instrumental to express the means or method by which something is done.

So:

• poslat e-mailem = to send by email
• literally something like to send using email

That is why the ending changes:

• base form: e-mail
• instrumental: e-mailem

This is very common with ways of communication or transport:

• autem = by car
• vlakem = by train
• telefonem = by phone
• e-mailem = by email

Yes, in modern usage you may see both, but e-mailem is the more traditional standard spelling based on e-mail.

You may encounter:

• e-mail
• email
• e-mailem
• emailem

In learner materials and careful writing, e-mail / e-mailem is still very common and safe. In everyday use, forms without the hyphen are also widespread.

So for learning purposes:

• e-mailem = perfectly correct and very natural

In Czech, večer can work as an adverbial expression meaning in the evening / this evening, without a preposition.

So:

• večer = in the evening / tonight (depending on context)

This is normal and very common.

Examples:

• Přijdu večer. = I’ll come in the evening.
• Uvidíme se večer. = We’ll see each other tonight.

A learner may expect a preposition because English uses in the evening, but Czech often does not.

Also, v večeru is not the normal choice here. For everyday speech, just večer is the natural form.

It can feel like either, depending on context.

In this sentence:

• Soubor ti pošlu e-mailem večer...

the most natural English translation is often:

• I’ll send you the file by email tonight or
• ...this evening

Because the speaker also says protože teď nemám čas (because I don’t have time now), the contrast suggests later today, so tonight / this evening is very natural.

So večer does not always have to mean some general evening time; it can refer to later today in the evening.

Because protože means because and introduces a subordinate clause.

The sentence has two parts:

1. Soubor ti pošlu e-mailem večer
2. protože teď nemám čas

In Czech, subordinate clauses are normally separated by a comma, so the comma is required here.

This is very standard Czech punctuation.

Here čas is the direct object of nemám (I don’t have), so the normal modern form is the accusative:

• mám čas = I have time
• nemám čas = I don’t have time

You may sometimes hear or read genitive after negation in Czech, and older or more literary language can use forms like nemám času, but in modern everyday Czech, nemám čas is the usual and natural choice.

So for a learner:

• nemám čas = the standard phrase to use

Because Czech usually omits subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

Here the form pošlu clearly means:

• I will send

and nemám clearly means:

• I do not have

So já is unnecessary.

Czech is a pro-drop language, unlike English. Subject pronouns are often left out unless they are needed for:

• emphasis
• contrast
• clarity

So:

• Soubor ti pošlu... = normal
• Já ti soubor pošlu... = more emphatic, like I will send you the file

Yes, Czech word order is flexible, but not random. It often depends on topic, focus, emphasis, and clitic position.

This sentence is very natural:

• Soubor ti pošlu e-mailem večer...

It sounds like:

• I’ll send you the file by email this evening...

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Večer ti pošlu soubor e-mailem.
• Soubor ti večer pošlu e-mailem.
• E-mailem ti soubor pošlu večer.

The meaning stays broadly similar, but the emphasis shifts.

A key rule: ti is a short unstressed form, a clitic, and it typically appears near the beginning of the clause, usually in second position. That is why it cannot just go anywhere.

So while the sentence can be rearranged, ti has limited placement, and the chosen order here is very normal.

In Czech, short unstressed words such as ti, mi, se, si, ho, mu often behave as clitics. They usually come in the second position in the clause.

That does not necessarily mean the second word. It means they come after the first unit or chunk.

For example:

• Soubor ti pošlu.
• Večer ti pošlu soubor.
• Zítra ti to pošlu.

In each case, ti comes very early, after the first element.

This is a major difference from English and one of the things learners need time to get used to.

Yes, it could come first.

The original order:

• Soubor ti pošlu e-mailem večer, protože teď nemám čas.

is very natural because it gives the main message first, then the reason.

But Czech can also say:

• Protože teď nemám čas, soubor ti pošlu e-mailem večer.

That puts the reason first:

• Because I don’t have time now, I’ll send you the file by email this evening.

Both are correct. The difference is mainly one of information structure and emphasis.

Yes, Pošlu ti soubor is also completely correct.

Both are natural:

• Soubor ti pošlu.
• Pošlu ti soubor.

The difference is mostly about emphasis and what the speaker wants to highlight.

• Soubor ti pošlu can place a bit more attention on the file
• Pošlu ti soubor starts more directly with the action I’ll send

Because Czech word order is flexible, both are normal. You should think less in terms of one single fixed order and more in terms of what is being foregrounded.

Then you would probably use the full pronoun tobě instead of the clitic ti.

For example:

• Soubor pošlu tobě večer, protože teď nemám čas.

This suggests emphasis like:

• I’ll send the file to you this evening...
• possibly contrasting with someone else

You could also say:

• Tobě ten soubor pošlu večer.

That sounds even more contrastive or emphatic.

So:

• ti = neutral, unstressed
• tobě = stressed, emphatic

Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word.

So roughly:

• SOUbor ti POšlu E-mailem VEčer, proTOže TEĎ neMÁM ČAS.

A few notes for learners:

• ř in protože can be difficult; many learners need practice with it
• ď in teď is a soft consonant
• e-mailem is pronounced smoothly as one word group in the sentence

Also, the little words like ti are usually unstressed.

You do not need perfect pronunciation immediately, but it helps to notice that Czech rhythm is quite different from English.

No, not in this meaning.

• protože = because
• že = that

So:

• protože teď nemám čas = because I don’t have time now

If you used že, it would not express the correct relationship.

For example:

• Vím, že nemáš čas. = I know that you don’t have time.

So in your sentence, protože is the correct conjunction because it gives a reason.

A useful breakdown is:

• Soubor = direct object
• ti = indirect object, dative (to you)
• pošlu = verb (I will send)
• e-mailem = means/method (by email)
• večer = time (in the evening / tonight)
• protože teď nemám čas = reason clause (because I don’t have time now)

So the sentence combines several common Czech patterns:

• direct object
• dative recipient
• perfective future verb
• instrumental for means
• time expression without a preposition
• subordinate clause with protože

That makes it a very useful model sentence for learners.